Week9 journal entry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Week9 diary section - Assignment Example The proper administration assumes a basic job in concocting answers for issues that might be influencing a nation, for example, what China is endeavoring to determine. Majority rules system is the key viewpoint behind country working in joint effort towards a shared objective since ides are contributed from different sources, at that point dissected before they are executed. The style of administration is similarly significant in light of the fact that it decides the technique of dynamic. This is thusly identified with the third article in that the issue of natural debasement in China raises the possibility of global relations as the nation endeavors to procure help from the U.S in diminishing carbon discharges. At the point when pioneers encourage the association of nations through helping each other on occasion of need, vote based system wins and better expectations for everyday comforts are figured it out. This in this manner clarifies the significance of majority rules system jus t as foundation of good worldwide

The End of Privacy Free Essays

Daniel Trejo English 1301 Threatening Privacy Nowadays is hard or basically inconceivable for somebody to keep something mystery that you simply don't need individuals to know since it is something individual. Anyone can get to most or practically the entirety of your data by basically looking through it on the web. It may not be something critical to many individuals since they don't generally ponder it yet it is something that individuals ought to be worry about. We will compose a custom paper test on The End of Privacy or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Is it truly â€Å"The End of Privacy? †? Or on the other hand is there something we can do about it and stop the spread of our private data. Because of more individuals having innovation like wireless cameras, sound recorders, and other account advancements it is simpler for them to record private insights regarding themselves. These individuals may later lament about doing such thing since what they recorded may wind up on the web for the entire world to see. Like what befell the â€Å"Star Wars Kid,† who â€Å"videotaped himself waving around a golf-ball retriever while imagining it was a light stabber† (385). Irrelevant things like this can pulverize your notoriety even as long as you can remember. Individuals recommend that in the event that you wind up in a circumstance like this there is basically no way around it. It would be better if individuals just would not record themselves doing such things to evade something very similar transpiring. Long range informal communication locales and websites likewise danger our security with individuals not in any event, realizing that these sites keep and spread their hidden data with others. Daniel J. Solove calls the individuals growing up today â€Å"Generation Google,† in light of the fact that the entirety of their own and private data will dwell on the web always (386). These days a great many people have their own sites, for example, Facebook and Twitter making it simpler for others to see and find out about your own data. Sites like these spread your own data with other sites without individuals in any event, knowing it, feeling that their own data is secure and just individuals they need may see it. I concur with what Solve thinks since whatever you post on the web will remain there perpetually, having this as a primary concern individuals ought to be cautious with what they post and do on the web. Then again there is additionally the legislature that bargains security. For instance, the National Security Agency â€Å"listens and analyzes the records of a huge number of phone discussions each year† (386). There are likewise other government substances that track individual data like births, relationships, work, property possession and that's just the beginning. These things are open to anybody by one straightforward pursuit. Some would contend that the legislature has no privilege to do this, that they are damaging individual data. You can't call somebody and have a â€Å"private conversation† with them since you have these individuals tuning in to your discussion, which I locate somewhat unpleasant. Is there something we can do to forestall future spread of individual data? A few technologists and researchers state no. As Scott McNealy once stated, â€Å"You as of now have zero protection. Get over it† (387). Some propose that these days it is for all intents and purposes outlandish for somebody to â€Å"start over,† reexamine their lives since everything is put away on the web and you can't just erase it. There are some security laws that had been passed to attempt to ensure individuals protection yet they don't generally work. Because of protection dangers presently springing up, these laws have created in a way that is frequently insufficient against these dangers. In any case, there are a few things that individuals can do to forestall the spread of the entirety of their private data however the most significant thing is to recognize what you are posting on the web. When your data is on the web anything can occur. Individuals ought to be cautious on what they put online on the grounds that it can demolish your notoriety. Individuals these days dependent on your notoriety can conclude whether to befriend you or organizations and so on. Some recommend this is the† passing of privacy,† and that later on it will develop into something greater. You choose, is it truly â€Å"The End of Privacy? †? Some will contend that. The most effective method to refer to The End of Privacy, Essay models

Fresh Argument Research Paper Topics

Fresh Argument Research Paper Topics Argument Research Paper Topics: Fresh Ideas from Professional Writers Home›Education Posts›Argument Research Paper Topics: Fresh Ideas from Professional Writers Education PostsArgument research paper topics should be thoroughly chosen to ensure that you can provide a proper discussion of the given topic. On the whole, argumentative research papers are assigned to students in order to test their debating and critical thinking abilities. Second, when assigning argumentative research papers, professors want to find out how well students can argue on different topics and defend their standpoints. As such, argumentative research papers can well reflect how well a student has acquired knowledge in a specific subject.Argumentative paper writing is also decisive for a student’s quality of future performance in oral speaking or presentations. Actually, a well-written argumentative paper demonstrates a student’s comprehension in such areas as writing, reading, and analytics. If at lea st one point of the aforementioned three is weak or you feel that you have insufficient skills in it, you will definitely have to seek help in research paper writing. You should also keep in mind that you will have to consult external sources if you are assigned an argumentative paper. Why? â€" Because your arguments and claims need to be supported by expert opinion. Therefore, you have to look only for credible and peer-reviewed sources to sound plausible.One of the most challenging aspects about writing an argumentative research paper is to choose the best topic of the available argument research paper topics. This option is a challenging one only if you are given a chance to choose the topic on your own. In most cases, the topics are assigned by professors. However, in the modern era of political and economic debated, ethical controversies, technological progress, and other movements, it is not hard to come up with controversial research paper topics.If you have an opportunity to choose a topic on your own, it is highly recommended to select controversial topics for research papers. First of all, they attract the audience and make your listeners and readers more interested in reading your paper. Second, they make the audience more active in the discussion since the topics usually provoke heated debates. Still, you should be careful about the types of topics you select since some of them may even lead to strong and lengthy arguments between your listeners. When presenting an argumentative research, your aim is not to cause a heated discussion but just to arouse the interest of your audience.When choosing one from the list of argument research paper topics, it is essential that the paper you write contains objective critique of the given problem or issue. Therefore, keep in mind that each claim you put forward is supported with sufficient evidence and expert opinion on the topic. Without ample evidence, you will not be able to convince your audience in your s tandpoint.A List of the Controversial Topics for Argument Essay PapersThere are numerous materials and guidelines for students who do not know how to write a successful argumentative research paper. You can find manuals that assist students of different academic levels: from high school to university. Actually, the academic level will be decisive for the overall writing style and complexity of writing. Besides, it is important to take into account the level when choosing the discipline you would like to present your argumentative paper in. If you have been assigned an argumentative research paper but you are left with a challenge of choosing the best topic from the list of topics for argument research papers, read on and find some of the most relevant and creative research essay topics.Topics on EducationHave a look at great research topics on education and decide on the best one.Should children with special needs be taught in an ordinary class?Are standardized scores effective and reliable for determining whether a student should graduate from the high school?How can the American educational system be improved?Who should determine the school curriculum in public schools: the state or the communities?What schooling system do you personally prefer: student-oriented or teacher-oriented?Topics on SportsSometimes it may be difficult to make up one’s mind on the best research reports topics on sports. But with our help, it will not be a challenge for you.What are the main stereotypes surrounding sports activities in school? Does involvement in sports severely affect a student’s grades?Can cheerleading be regarded as a real sport?Do you agree that colleges spend too much money on organizing sporting events?Your standpoint on animal sports: should they be prohibited?Should the state control the number and the nature of ads streamed on TV during sports events?Do you agree that female and male athletes should be equal in wages for their sports accomplishments?Do yo u agree that one can categorize chess as a sporting activity? Why (not)?Provide a discussion of the most dangerous sports.How can one measure the highest achievements in sports?Do you agree that violent video games pose a threat on the mental health of students?Is involvement in sports advantageous for students?Do you agree that famous sportsmen deserve the huge salary they are paid?Do steroids have more positive or negative influence on sportsmen’s health?The role of PE lessons in schools and colleges.Is competition the only one way to demonstrate and prove your knowledge and expertise?Are children who are involved in sports less prone to demonstrate deviant behavior?Is it possible to strictly control cases of cheating in sports?What types of sports are favorable for training the biggest group of muscles?Is cheerleading suitable for all types of sports?Do you believe that there are specific types of sports that are meant only for the well-off?Research Paper on Technology: A list of TopicsBelow find a list of good topics for a research paper on technology. We hope that it will help you to make the best choice on the topic and as a result, create a great project.Can technological advancements and modern gadgets turn people into techno-zombies?Is technology making people more social or, on the contrary, lonely and isolated from the community?Do you agree that online dating will one day replace the real-life acquaintance and communication?Is technological progress boosts people’s creativity or, on the contrary, leads to its deterioration?Do you agree that there will be a period in life when technological advancement will no longer be possible?Is it worth to spend funding on investigating the space while there are so many spheres on our planet that need financing?How has education benefited from the technological advancement?Has technology made people more stupid or more intelligent? What opportunities has it opened?Can technological progress be used for helpi ng with people’s mental and emotional problems?Cloning as a technological advancement: its pros and cons.Do you agree that modern-day technology limits people’s creativity?Do you agree that modern-day people will not be able to live without technology?Which friends are better: those you interact with in real life or those you communicate with online? Why?Is it necessary to put the information posted online to censorship?Is it safe to date someone online? What consequences might online dating have?Tips on How to Write an Effective Argumentative Research PaperMake sure you provide a realistic topic and discuss realistic things. Do not focus on some potentially possible or probable situations/ inventions, etc.Choose a topic touching upon a contemporary issue.Start your essay with a hook to draw your readers’ attention to some issue/ problem.Avoid first-person pronoun usage. You can use “I” if you need to provide your own opinion.Make sure you read information not only relatin g to your standpoint but also to contrary opinions. You should be able to provide a contradictory view and its rebuttal.When supporting your arguments and claims, be sure to provide the following:Objective judgments;Expert opinion as supporting evidence;Clear criteria on the importance of the topic;Feedback from competent experts.It is normal when you may need expert help with your argumentative papers. Still, whenever possible, try to practice your writing style and consult manuals and guidelines that will help you organize your paper.

Chapter I Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986...

Six years after the promulgation of the Refugee Act of 1980 the U.S. Congress enacted the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA), on November of 1986, with the objective to control and deter the illegal immigration into the United States. The major provisions demanded; a) the legalization of foreign nationals who had been continuously unlawfully present in our country since 1982. b) Demanded the creation of mechanism to secure and enforce the United States borders. c) The legal adjustment of certain agriculture workers, and sanctions corporations who intentional or knowingly hire illegal foreign workers. The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA), had several contributions to solve the problem of immigration in†¦show more content†¦Third, IRCA demonstrates the need of an immigration program that define the status to the close family members while the head of the family await to become lawful permanent residents. Data from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) shows that approximately 4.4 million persons are in a visa limbo awaiting to be adjusted, which 97 percent have a qualifying family relationship to a U.S. citizen. Therefore, it is imperative an immigration program that reduce the visa waiting list, and provide a permanent solution for the immigration status of family members. . Fourth, IRCA supports strong immigration enforcement limiting illegal migration into the country by reducing the unauthorized population through increased border enforcement and requiring employers to verify the eligibility (E-verify) of their workers; program that has been challenged by dishonest employers, inadequate enforcement and widespread document fraud. It would be necessary the increase the use of an electronic employer verification system, and strengthen the security of identity documents. These measures would increase and expand the U.S. immigration enforcement programs over many years. The budget of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) increased from approximately $1.2 billion to

What They Fought for Essay - 1331 Words

What they Fought for What they fought for is an analysis of a collection of nearly a thousand personal letters and journals entries written by the soldiers who fought America’s famous Civil War. This book seeks to define the ideology of what the soldiers understood they were fighting for, and their comprehension of the outcome of their service .Although counter arguments agree that most soldiers could not give a solid explanation of why they fought for, nor the real Constitutional issues that were at stake; the thoughts the soldiers recorded show that they fought for more than just masculine identity; they highly valued being at home safe with their loved ones, at any cost. This book gives an inside perception of the Civil War, and a†¦show more content†¦If the north was to succeed, they would forever be oppressed by their victory, and slaves of their achievements. The Confederates fought to promote the wellbeing of their family and the protection of their land â€Å"from Yankee outrage and atrocity†(Mc.Pherson 20) . On the other side was the Union, also known as the Yankees; a group determined to put out the rebels of the South, and preserve the nation that was created in 1776. Like the Confederates, the Union also found support in the memory of the Revolutionary War. Union soldiers fought the â€Å"Traitors who sought to tear down and break into fragments the glorious temple that our forefathers reared with blood and tears† (Mc.Pherson 28). If the south was to secede it would have destroyed and undermined the power and authority of the Constitution, and therefore break the union that made up the United States of America. The Union soldiers referred to the Confederates as the â€Å"Rebels†, who did not deserve to be part of the united nation for their selfish and inhumane habits, yet their land belonged to the country as a whole. A soldier in the Sherman army wrote to his wife â€Å"We want to kill them all off and cleanse the country†¦ their punishment is light when compare d with what justice is demanded† (Mc.Pherson 40-41). Union militias could not bear the thought of secession, for they â€Å"will be held responsible before God if we don’tShow MoreRelatedEssay on What They Fought for708 Words   |  3 PagesWhat They Fought For 1861 - 1865 This book was a good analysis of Civil War soldiers diaries, and letters to their loved ones. Which explains what they were going through in their lives and what they fought for and risked their lives for in this conflict. In the book the author James M. McPherson uses information from l00s of diaries and letters from the soldiers to learn why they fought in this war. The Union soldiers fought to preserve the Nation that was created in 1776, to save itRead MoreWhat They Fought For By James M. 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Study Of Aging And Care Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(51) " of sexual activity on the portion of work forces\." The word â€Å" Aging † and â€Å" Old Age † are extremely subjective. â€Å" Aging † is defined as the clip from birth to the present for a life single, as measured in specific units ( John Anne ) . The significance of old and aging depend to a great extent on how old the talker is and that individual ‘s experiences. We will write a custom essay sample on Study Of Aging And Care Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The procedure of aging is a complex 1 that can be described chronologically, physiologically, and functionally. Chronological age refers to the figure of old ages a individual has lived. Physiological age refers to the finding of age by organic structure map. Although age- related alterations affect everyone, it ‘s impossible to nail precisely when these alterations occur. Functional age refers to a individual ‘s ability to lend to society and profit others and himself. In an effort to farther specify the aging population, old age has been divided into chronological classs: Young-old ( ages 65 to 74 ) Middle-old ( ages 75 to 84 ) Old-old ( age 85 and older ) Demographic ripening is a planetary phenomenon. By 2025, the universe ‘s population is expected to include more than 830 million people at an age of 65 years. With a relatively immature population, India is still poised to go place to the 2nd largest figure of older individuals in the universe. Recent statistics related aged individuals in India ; showed that every bit many as 75 % 0f aged individuals were populating in rural countries. About 48.2 % of aged individuals were adult females, out of whom 55 % were widows. A entire 73 % of aged individuals were illiterate and dependent on physical labour. One tierce was reported to be populating below the poorness line, i.e. , 66 % of older individuals were in vulnerable state of affairs without equal nutrient, vesture, or shelter. About 90 % of the aged were from the unrecognised sector, i.e. , they have no regular beginning of income. The socio economic jobs of aged are now yearss aggravated by factors such as the deficiency of societal security and inadequate installations for wellness attention, rehabilitation etc The particular characteristics of aged population in increasing in the India are a bulk ( 80 % ) of them are in the rural countries, therefore doing service bringing a challenge, Feminization of the aged population ( 50 % 0f the aged population would be adult females by the 2016 ) , a big per centum ( 30 % ) of the aged are below poorness line. And another ground is Increase in the figure of the older ( individuals above 80 year ) . National sample study ( 2004 ) reveals that bulk of the aged in both rural ( 50. 20 % ) and urban ( 57.35 % ) countries are wholly dependent on others for economic support. About 15.20 % of the aged in rural countries and 13.71 % of the aged in the urban countries are partly dependent on others. Aging is a normal portion of human development. The forms of aging – what happens, how and when – vary greatly among older people. Although specific alterations are identified as portion of the normal aging procedure, each individual ages in his ain manner. As the old ages accumulate, people become more diverse instead than more similar, each influenced by physical, societal, and environmental factors. How a individual ages depends on a combination of both familial and environmental factors such as life experiences, available support systems, get bying accomplishments. Acknowledging that every person has his or her ain alone familial make-up and environment, which interacts with each other, helps us to understand why the aging procedure can happen at such different rates in different people. An overall, familial factor seems to be more powerful than environmental factors in the finding the big differences among people in aging and lifetime. The aging procedure will impact the old age people physically, psychologically, socially, spiritually. As ageing advancement, physically old age people become less active. Based on wear and tare theory of aging, degenerative alterations takes topographic point about in all the systems such as encephalon, cardio vascular system, respiratory system castanetss exposing the aged people to a greater grade of physical unwellnesss. As a individual ages, centripetal capablenesss such as hearing, vision, touch, gustatory sensation, and odor are deteriorating. Hearing and vision losingss are more disconcerting, because they straight affect ability to execute activities of day-to-day life, endanger the bodily safety, and distort communicating. Reports besides shows that Prevalence of chronic diseases among the aged in general seem to be really high. It is higher in the urban countries ( 55 % ) than in the rural countries ( 52 % ) . Onset of damage was 60 old ages or above 54 % ( balmy motor disablement ) to 69 % ( ocular damage ) of the aged patients. However, disablements are more common among aged females compared to male up to age 80, beyond which disablement becomes less due to increased figure of adult female aged. Psychosocially, due to the aging procedure old people are frequently down and experience loneliness. Because old people are frequently ill and tired and besides retired, old people normally do n’t hold money, they must pass money for medicines. They ca n’t eat a batch of dishes, because of wellness grounds ; liver, bosom and weak dentition. Old age people frequently have depressions and sometimes do n’t desire to populate any longer due to the loss of partner. ( Miller, 2007 ) Aged people are extremely prone to mental morbidities due to ageing of the encephalon, jobs associated with physical wellness, intellectual pathology, socio – economic factors such as break down of the household support systems, and lessening in economic independency. The mental upsets that are often encountered include Dementia and Mood Disorders. Other upsets include neurotic and personality upsets, drug and intoxicant maltreatment, craze, and mental psychosis. Emotional upsets are the most common psychological issue faced by the aged people which result from the societal mal accommodations. Failure to accommodate consequences in resentment, inner backdown, depression, fatigue of life and even suicide. Sexual accommodations – After the age of 40, there is surcease of reproduction by adult females and decline of sexual activity on the portion of work forces. You read "Study Of Aging And Care Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" As a consequence, physical and emotional perturbation may happen. Jealousy, crossness are really common and frequent. Impaired memory, stiff mentality and opposition to alter are some of the mental alterations in the aged. The rapid urbanisation and societal modernisation has brought in a interruption down in household values and frame work of household support, economic insecurity, societal isolation, and aged maltreatment taking to a host of psychological unwellnesss. In the last decennaries joint household system was really common, with batch of household members about. In such a state of affairs the old age people got much attending from all their kids. Even after their retirement they were engaged with some other work like little shopping, traveling out with their expansive kids etc. , so they do n’t experience lonely believing about themselves, and their jobs and aging procedure. Their kids besides provided attention to the parents. Today due to the socio cultural alterations the joint household form has changed to atomic 1s. And even if there is a joint household the members are restricted to 4 or 5. This has created great impact on the old age people as they are left entirely due to the higher instruction and settled occupations of their kids in abroad and now yearss even with the females working, they receive no attending at all. Some do direct fiscal aid for their parents but whereas, some do non even turn to hold expression towards their parents. Since the kids are off and no organic structure to care for them, they feel lonely, go down and more concerned about their wellness jobs much more. The development of old age places was based on back uping the old age people. There are old age places run by the authorities and non governmental organisations. Even though some old age places are giving proper attention with all installations to the people, some old age places are supplying merely shelter and nutrient, and there are no medical installations available. Harmonizing to national sample study ( 2002 ) , there were 728 Old age places in India. Out of these, 325 places are free of cost while 95 old age places are on wage A ; stay installations. A sum of 278 old age places all over the state are available for the ill and 101 places are entirely for adult females. Kerala has 124 old age places which is the maximal in any province. Reports show that, admittance to a nursing place cause situational depression in the aged. Unfortunately every bit many as 50 per centum of all nursing place occupants are clinically depressed. Nursing place staff often fails to place depression in aged occupants, possibly because it is so prevailing, but it is non merely merely a normal portion of the aging procedure. It can be treated. Aged people remaining in old age place will hold concerns about personal jobs or state of affairs that can straiten their slumber. Emotional emphasis causes a individual to be tense and frequently leads to frustration when slumber does non come. Aged people often experiences losingss that lead to emphasize such as retirement, physical damage, and loss of loved one time. Due to physical jobs like hurting, take a breathing trouble, and emotional perturbations old age place occupants are sing hapless quality of slumber and psychological well-being. There are several surveies which bespeaking sleep fluctuation during old age. Dr. Michael Vitiello, ( 2009 ) stated that slumber starts to deteriorate in late in-between age and steadily erodes from so on. With aging, the proportion of entire sleep clip spent in deep ( stage 3 or 4 ) non rapid oculus motion sleep lessenings. The aged tend to hold more trouble falling and remaining asleep than younger grownups. The aged tend to fall asleep earlier in the eventide and awaken earlier in the forenoon. With aging, recovery from perturbations in the sleep-wake rhythm and in circadian beat tends to go more hard. Many drugs normally used by the aged and many upsets common among the aged can upset slumber. Since emotional perturbations and sleep want are more common among old age place occupants every one needs to develop methods for raising the relaxation response, the natural unwinding of the emphasis response. Relaxation lowers the blood force per unit area, respiration, and pulse rates, releases musculus tenseness, and eases emotional strains. During emphasis and anxiousness external respiration becomes shallow and rapid. Taking a deep breath is an automatic and effectual technique for weaving down. Deep external respiration exercises consciously escalate this natural physiological reaction and can be really utile during a nerve-racking state of affairs, or for keeping a relaxed province during the twenty-four hours and besides it promotes sleep, there by it improves the psychological well-being of the aged people. American doctor Edmund Jacobson ( 1920 ) argued that since musculus tenseness accompanies anxiousness, one can cut down anxiousness by larning how to loosen up the muscular tenseness. PMR entails a physical and mental constituent. Progressive relaxation involves alternately tensing and loosen uping the musculuss. A individual utilizing PMR may get down by sitting or lying down in a comfy place. With the eyes closed, the musculuss are tensed ( 10 seconds ) and relaxed ( 20 seconds ) consecutive through assorted parts of the organic structure. The whole PMR session takes about 30 proceedingss. Numerous controlled surveies have evaluated relaxation therapies for the intervention of insomnia. These surveies are chiefly combined with other methods such as biofeedback, sleep limitation, and self-contradictory purpose ( seeking non to kip ) . Overall, the grounds indicates that relaxation therapies may be slightly helpful for insomnia at that place by it helps to better the physical and psychological well being. Need FOR THE STUDY Old age people are like the tones of cognition and experience in your basket but their suggestion non suit for this coevals. ( Henry Donald ) Presently, in this modern universe there is a great diminution in the joint household system, less importance to the household values and reduced regard to aged people which consequences in economic insecurity, societal isolation, and aged maltreatment taking to increased figure of elderly destitute in India. As a consequence there are legion old age places has emerged as a new tendency to take care the aged in India, fundamentally it was the civilization followed in western states. Old age places are a necessity in the present twenty-four hours scenario as the younger coevals are remaining off from the parents due to occupation, instruction, settled in abroad and besides due to the scarceness of the resources to run into their demands ( like medical sweeps, nutrients etc ) . But old age places should see merely as a secondary option. Elders in the household are decidedly an plus. It is they who can leave the much needed ethical values and codification of behavior in the younger coevals. It is the duty of each and every citizen in India particularly wellness attention forces to safe guard life of aged people. We need to take immediate steps to better the quality of life of aged particularly those who do non hold anybody to take attention of them. Old age places should hold equal physical installations, nutrient, safety and security, and medical installations. Unfortunately non all the old age places are holding all the installations particularly the medical installations. Reports shows that about 50 per centum of all nursing place occupants are clinically depressed. And another common issue of aged people remaining in old age place is their slumber is disrupted by brief argus-eyed minutes typically enduring approximately 3 to 10 seconds. And besides they are holding job in falling asleep. The clip taken to kip after traveling to bed is prolonged. By bettering sleep and emotional stableness one can advance the psychosocial well-being and quality of life of aged people. Relaxation therapy is one of the best method to better concentration, emotional stableness and advancing slumber by easing organic structure and head and cut downing emphasis and anxiousness. From the literature reappraisal it is rather apparent that relaxation therapy is good to better the psycho societal well-being and quality of slumber. There are different techniques in transporting out the relaxation therapy and some of the technique has already been tried out in station operative hurting decrease, anxiousness decrease in India and in other states. Among all the relaxation techniques deep external respiration and progressive musculus relaxation a technique does non take much clip to execute, requires no particular equipments, except a composure and comfy topographic point to make the exercising. Both are really simple to learn and pattern by any age group. The research worker, during her clinical poster in geriatric ward, visited assorted old age places and community countries and found out that most of the aged people are enduring from wakefulness, and emotional perturbation, memory shortage, hapless concentration. They are really much worried about their jobs. There is a demand for effectual, low-priced intercessions that are ecologically acceptable and efficient. Old age place occupants are chiefly take attention by the geriatric nurse who is remaining along with them in old age place every bit good as in clinical scene. Old age place staffs need to take stairss to better the quality of life of aged people by loosen uping their head and organic structure and bettering their slumber. So the research worker wanted to make something for the benefit of this population. The research worker felt a demand to measure the consequence of deep external respiration and progressive musculus relaxation technique on bettering psycho societal well- being and quality of slumber in aged people remaining in old age place. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: A survey to measure the effectivity of selected relaxation techniques on the degree of psychosocial well-being and quality of slumber among old age people in selected old age place at Coimbatore. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of the survey is to measure whether relaxation technique make a difference in the degree of psychosocial well-being and slumber among old age people after the relaxation therapy compared to those who do non have relaxation therapy. Specific OBJECTIVES The specific aims of the survey were, To measure and compare the degree of psychosocial well-being ( cognitive, emotional, societal, and religious well-being ) in the experimental and control group, before and after the intercession To measure and compare the quality of slumber in the experimental and control group before and after the intercession To tie in the selected demographic variables like age, gender, physical unwellness, supportive system with degree of psychosocial well-being and quality of slumber Hypothesis H1: There will be a important difference in the average mark of psychosocial well-being in the experimental group before and after the intercession H2: There will be a important difference in the average mark of cognitive well-being in the experimental group before and after the intercession H3: There will be a important difference in the average mark of emotional well-being in the experimental group before and after the intercession H4: There will be a important difference in the average mark of societal well-being in the experimental group before and after the intercession H5: There will be a important difference in the average mark of religious well-being in the experimental group before and after the intercession H6: There will be a important difference in the quality of slumber in the experimental group before and after the intercession H7: There is important relation between degree of psychosocial well-being and quality of slumber in the experimental and control group OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS Sleep: Sleep is a province of remainder in which the nervous system is inactive, the eyes are closed, the musculuss are relaxed and the head is unconscious. The features of slumber can be verbalized by a individual who experiences the slumber. In this survey, the self study of slumber is measured by standard Pittsburg sleep quality index graduated table Psycho Social Wellbeing: a subjective term that means different things to different people. A feeling of health by an person. In this survey it include the felling of health in psychological, societal, religious and behavioural facet of an person, which is measured by a modified ego reported psycho societal wellbeing assessment graduated table Cognitive well-being ; cognitive well-being is a subjective phenomena which reflects the ability of the single sing how to believe, comprehend, retrieve and larn facts and thoughts, which is measured by a modified ego reported psycho societal wellbeing assessment graduated table. Emotional well-being ; it is a subjective statement which reflects how positively an single feels, perceives, and reacts to the internal and external stimulations and it can be assessed by increasing bosom rate, respiration, BP. In this survey emotional well-being is measured by single mark obtained from modified psycho societal wellbeing assessment graduated table. Social well-being ; it is a subjective statement, which reflects how good an person is able to interact with the fellow people, is able to set to state of affairss, is able to keep positive societal position, is able to affect in group activities, which is measured by a modified ego reported psycho societal wellbeing assessment graduated table. Religious well-being: It is a subjective statement which reflects how an single perceives sing God, how of import does one see supplication to be in their life, which is measured by a modified ego reported psycho societal wellbeing assessment graduated table. Relaxation Techniques: It is individualized or combined, consistently executed exercisings, used to ease the organic structure and head by wind offing natural emphasis response therefore take downing the blood force per unit area, respiration and pulse rate, loosen uping the musculus and easing emotional strains. In this survey, relaxation techniques used are deep external respiration exercising and progressive musculus relaxation techniques. Deep Breathing Exercise is a technique of external respiration in which a individual inhale through nose slowly and deeply to the count of 10, where the tummy and venters expands, but the thorax does non lift up. Exhale through the oral cavity easy and wholly. Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique is an exercising, in which a individual sits in a chair comfortably.. He so tenses each musculus every bit tightly as he can, for a count of one to ten and so releases it wholly. Premise: 1. Aging is a normal portion of human development. 2. The forms of aging vary greatly among older people. 3. Aging is an nonvoluntary procedure which alters normal biological, psychological and societal maps. 4. Psycho societal well-being of the older people will change based on certaidemographic factors such as Age, Sex, Education, available supportive system. 5. Variability in the sleep behaviours of older people is common. Restrictions: As sample size is little consequence can non be generalized Datas on psycho societal well-being and quality of slumber based on verbal study may non be a true contemplation of what they experience. Boundary lines: The survey is delimited to one old age place in Coimbatore. The survey is delimited to people in the age group 65-85 year Scope of the survey This survey will assist to measure the degree of psycho societal well-being and quality of slumber of the old age people remaining in old age place before and after the intercession. If there is important betterment in the degree of psycho societal well-being and quality of slumber, it is a clear indicant of effectivity of relaxation techniques. These relaxation techniques will be good for the aged people remaining in old age place. It can be easy implemented and taught by nurses who are employed in old age places every bit good as in geriatric ward in infirmaries. CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORK Conceptual frame work refers to interconnected constructs or abstractions that are assembled together in some rational strategy by virtuousness of their relevancy to a common subject ( Polit Hunger – 1997 ) Theoretical theoretical account for this survey was derived from Callista Roy ‘s Adaptation Theory ( 1996 ) . Roy employs a feedback rhythm of input, throughput, and end product. Input is identified as stimulations, which can come from the environment or from within a individual. Stimuli are classified as focal ( instantly facing the individual ) , contextual ( all other stimulations, that are present ) or residuary ( non particular such as cultural beliefs or attitude about unwellness ) . Input besides includes a individual ‘s version degree ( the scope of stimulation to which a individual can accommodate easy. Through input we can do usage of a individual ‘s procedures and effecters. â€Å" Procedure † refers to the control mechanisms that a individual uses as an adaptative system. â€Å" Effecters † refers to the physiological map, self concept, and function map involved in version. In the adaptative system, the term â€Å" system † is defined as ego parts connected to work as a whole for some intent and it so by virtuousness of the mutuality of its parts. This has two major internal control procedure called â€Å" regulator † and â€Å" cognator † . Regulator bomber system consists of internal procedure including chemical, impersonal, and endocrine – transmit the stimulations, doing end product – physiological response, cognator and bomber system regulates self constructs, function map and inter dependance. End product is the result of the system ; when the system is a individual, end product is categorized as adaptative responses ( Those that promote a individual ‘s unity ) or uneffective responses ( those that do non advance end accomplishment ) these responses provide feedback for the system. The modified theoretical account in this survey explains the input as the focal stimulation viz. hapless psycho societal well-being and hapless quality of slumber. The contextual stimulation are age, sex, instruction, continuance of remaining in old age place, no of kids, presence of visitants. The get bying mechanism of the cognator subsystem occurs as a consequence of relaxation therapy. The experimental group is subjected to relaxation therapy. The adaptative responses among the experimental group of old age people show betterment in the psycho societal well-being and quality of slumber. The control group that has non undergone the relaxation therapy might non demo an effectual version. Figure – 1 high spots he conceptual model based on modified Roy ‘s version theoretical account. CHAPTER – Three RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Methodology of research organizes all the constituents of the survey in a manner that is most likely to take to valid replies to the bomber jobs that have been posed ( Burns and Grove, 2002 ) . It refers to assorted logical stairss that are by and large adopted by the research worker in analyzing the research job. This chapter presents the research design, puting, population, sample size and sampling technique, trying standards, tools used, building of the tools, cogency, dependability, pilot survey, and informations aggregation adopted for the survey. RESEARCH APPROACH The research attack is an overall program chosen to transport out the survey. The choice of research attack is the basic process for the behavior of research enquiry. An appraising attack was used in this survey as the survey aimed at measuring the effectivity of selected relaxation techniques on psycho societal well being and quality of slumber RESEARCH DESIGN A quasi experimental pretest and station trial two group design was used to prove the effectivity of relaxation therapy over psycho societal well-being and slumber of old age people in old age place. Experimental group 1st hebdomad 2nd hebdomad 3rd hebdomad 4th hebdomad O1 XXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXX O2 Control group O1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — – O2 O1 Pre intercession appraisal of degree of psychosocial well-being and quality of slumber in experimental and control group. O2 station intercession appraisal of degree of psychosocial well-being and quality of slumber after 4 hebdomads in experimental and control group. Ten deep external respiration exercising and progressive musculus relaxation technique. Variables IN THE Survey Independent variable – selected relaxation techniques ( Deep external respiration exercising and progressive musculus relaxation technique ) Dependent variables _ Psycho Social Wellbeing ( cognitive, Emotional, Social and Spiritual ) and Quality of Sleep Setting OF THE STUDY â€Å" Puting † refers to the country where the survey is conducted. The scene for the survey was a selected old age place at Coimbatore. Entire population of the old age place is 150 members. It is managed by Samaritan sisters entirely for aged and destitute. The standard for the admittance in old age place are aged and destitute above 60 old ages. It is a service oriented place and no fees for stay and nutrient. A medical squad contains 1 general doctor and 2 nurses will see one time in a month to the place and provides medical service to the people. The old age place contains two separate block for male and female. Common dining hall, supplication hall, garden. In each block there are two floors – Land floor is called ill ward where aged bed ridden people are shacking. In first floor nomadic aged people are shacking. TARGET POPULATION The population under the survey was all the males and females were remaining in the old age place and fulfilled the standards for sample choice. SAMPLE SIZE Sample refers to a subset of population that is selected to take part in a peculiar survey ( Burns and Grove 2002 ) . In this survey the sample size consisted of 50 inmates of the old age place ( 25 samples in control group and 25 in experimental group ) . Sampling Technique The samples who fulfilled the standards were selected by simple random sampling technique. Lot method was used to delegate the samples into experimental group and control group. Sampling CRITERIA Inclusion standards Aged people both male and female in the age group of 65-85yrs Those who were willing to take part Those who were physically and mentally able to take part in the survey Exclusion standards Those who were bed ridden unable to sit entirely and do exert Those who were mentally unqualified to follow the bids Un co-operative people Research Tool The tool used for the informations aggregation was An interview agenda organized in 3 parts. Part 1: Demographic informations consisted of personal information like age, sex, matrimonial position, instruction, continuance of stay in old age place, presence of relations, visitants and presence of physical unwellness, sentiment about immediate environment which include nutrient, safety and security and comfort. Part 2: Psycho societal wellbeing graduated table. It was prepared by the research worker with expert ‘s counsel by utilizing geriatric depression graduated table and WHO Health Related Quality of Life index graduated table. It was designed to measure the psycho societal well-being in four dimensions ( cognitive, emotional, societal and religious well-being ) . There are 6 points in each dimension. Some inquiries are positive and some negative. There are two columns ‘yes ‘ ‘no ‘ to enter the response. Positive inquiries were 2 and 3 in cognitive dimension, 1, 3 and 4 in emotional dimension, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 in societal dimension, and all 6questions in religious dimension. Negative inquiries were 1, 4, 5 and 6 in cognitive dimension, 2, 5 and 6 in emotional dimension, 1 and 6 in societal dimension. Part 3: Pittsburg sleep quality index graduated table. It was standardized tool to measure quality of slumber. It has 9 points ( subjective slumber quality, sleep continuance, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, sleep perturbation, usage of sleep medicines and twenty-four hours clip disfunctions, which subjectively describe the individual ‘s sleep quality for the month. Marking AND INTERPRETATION OF Marking Scoring – psycho societal well-being appraisal For positive inquiries a response in the ‘yes ‘ column was given a mark of 1and in the ‘no ‘ column a mark of ‘0 ‘ was given. For negative inquiries a response in the ‘yes ‘ column was given a mark of 0 and in the ‘no ‘ column a mark of ‘1 ‘ was given. In all the dimensions the maximal mark was ‘6 ‘ and the minimal mark was ‘0 ‘ . The mark was interpreted as 0 – 2 Poor 3 – 4 Moderate 5 – 6 Good It was same in all four dimensions ( cognitive, emotional, societal and religious well-being ) Scoring – Pittsburg sleep quality index graduated table In hiting the Pittsburg sleep quality index graduated table, seven constituent tonss are derived, each scored ‘0 ‘ ( no trouble ) to 3 ( terrible trouble ) . The constituent tonss are summed to bring forth over all mark ( run 0 to 21 ) . In seven constituents each one is interpreted as 0 Very good 1 Reasonably good 2 Reasonably bad 3 Very bad Overall PSQI Mark Sum of seven constituents tonss lt ; 5 – Good slumber quality gt ; 5 – Poor sleep quality DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHING PLAN ON DEEP BREATHING AND PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION TECHNIQUE Deep external respiration exercising Deep external respiration is a powerful anti-stress technique. When we bring air down into the lower part of the lungs, where the O exchange is most efficient, bosom rate slows, blood force per unit area decreases, musculuss relax, anxiousness simplicities and the head composure. Progressive musculus relaxation technique Progressive Muscle Relaxation is a relaxation technique used to let go of emphasis by straining and so loosen uping each musculus group of the organic structure, one group at a clip. Deep external respiration and progressive musculus relaxation are basically a province of bring oning deep musculus relaxation of the whole organic structure and relaxed respiratory beat A instruction program on Deep external respiration and progressive musculus relaxation technique is prepared to assist people to larn the exercising. The undermentioned stairss were adopted to develop the instruction program 1. Development of purpose and aims based on the survey aims 2. Choice of learning larning content 3. Choice of learning acquisition activities 4. Choice of Audio Visual Aids 5. Organization of the content The contents included were 1. Basic constructs of deep external respiration exercising and progressive musculus relaxation technique 2. Advantages of deep external respiration exercising and progressive musculus relaxation technique 3. Presentation of the relaxation techniques 4. Practice and re presentation 5. Palingenesis 6. Direction to follow up Deep external respiration exercising Exhale wholly through your oral cavity, doing a whoosh sound. Near your oral cavity and inhale softly through your olfactory organ to a mental count of four. Keep your breath for a count of seven Exhale wholly through your oral cavity, doing a whoosh sound to a count of eight. This is one breath. Now inhale once more and reiterate the rhythm three more times for a sum of four breaths. Progressive musculus relaxation technique After the deep external respiration Clench your fists. Keep for 7-10 seconds and so let go of for 15-20 seconds. Tighten your biceps by pulling your forearms up toward your shoulders and â€Å" doing a musculus † with both weaponries. Hold†¦ and so loosen up. Tighten your triceps — the musculuss on the bottoms of your upper weaponries — by widening your weaponries out directly and locking your cubituss. Hold†¦ and so loosen up. Strain the musculuss in your brow by raising your superciliums every bit far as you can. Keep†¦ and so loosen up. Imagine your forehead musculuss going smooth and hitch as they relax. Strain the musculuss around your eyes by clinching your palpebras tightly shut. Keep†¦ and so relax.A Imagine esthesiss of deep relaxation distributing all around them. Tighten your jaws by opening your oral cavity so widely that you stretch the musculuss around the flexible joints of your jaw. Tighten the musculuss in the dorsum of your cervix by drawing your caput manner back ; as if you were traveling to touch your caput to your dorsum ( be gentle with this musculus group to avoid hurt ) . Tighten your shoulders by raising them up as if degree Fahrenheit you were traveling to touch your ears. Hold†¦ and so loosen up. Tighten the musculuss around your shoulder blades by forcing your shoulder blades back as if you were traveling to touch them together. Tighten the musculuss of your thorax by taking in a deep breath. Clasp for up to 10 seconds†¦ and so let go of easy. Tighten your tummy musculuss by sucking your tummy in. Keep†¦ and so let go of. Imagine a moving ridge of relaxation distributing through your venters. Try to touch both elbows together behind your dorsum. imperativeness the little of your dorsum into the chair or floor Tighten your natess by drawing them together. Keep†¦ and so loosen up. Imagine the musculuss in your hips traveling loose and hitch. Widen your leg maintaining your pes relaxed, imperativeness the dorsum of your articulatio genus towards the floor Tighten your calf musculuss by-pulling your toes toward you ( flex carefully to avoid spasms ) . Hold†¦ and so loosen up. Tighten your pess by curving your toes downward. Keep†¦ and so loosen up. Mentally scan your organic structure for any residuary tenseness. If a peculiar country remains tense, reiterate one or two tense-relax rhythms for that group of musculus. The first bill of exchange of learning program is derived by maintaining in head the aims, literacy degree of the sample, and simpleness of the linguistic communication. The instruction program is developed in English and it is translated into Tamil ( appendix page no ) DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOOL The tool was developed based on the aims of the survey, Review of literature and treatment with experts VALIDITY OF THE RESEARCH TOOL The research tool including the aim of the survey along with the standards check list were submitted to five experts – three Nursing, one Geriatric doctor and one Clinical Psychologist. The three nursing experts were Professors with Masters Degree in Nursing and working in different colleges of nursing in Coimbatore with more than 5 old ages of experience. The geriatric doctor was working in a private infirmary in Coimbatore for more than 20 old ages. The Clinical Psychologist was working in a private infirmary in Coimbatore and had an experience crossing 15 old ages which included private pattern. Harmonizing to the expert ‘s sentiment alterations had been done and concluding proof done. RELIABILITY OF THE RESEARCH TOOL The dependability of the psycho societal wellbeing assessment graduated table was tested by split half method. The trial was administered to 10 patients. Correlation co- efficient was calculated by Karl Pearson ‘s method. The obtained ‘r ‘ value was 0. 82 for overall psycho societal well being assessment graduated table Which confirmed that there was high positive correlativity and internal consistence of the tool. PILOT STUDY REPORT A pilot survey was conducted in the same old age place, where chief survey was intended to be carried out, to prove the feasibleness of survey. Permission was obtained from the concerned governments of the Old age place. The survey was carried out from 1 – 8 – 10 to 14 – 8 – 10, over a period of 14 yearss. 10 samples were selected, 5 in experimental and 5 in control group. Both male and female were included in this survey. The experimental and control group were selected by utilizing Simple Random Sampling technique – lottery method. After self debut, the research worker explained the nature of survey to the samples. After developing good resonance, the research worker collected the baseline informations on psychosocial well-being and quality of slumber of the samples for the past one month by questioning the samples separately. Deep Breathing and Progressive Muscle Relaxation techniques were taught and demonstrated to the 5 samples of the experimental group as a group learning and they were asked to re-demonstrate. The relaxation therapy was carried out for 30 proceedingss every twenty-four hours and it was continued for 14 yearss in the presence of research worker. On the 14th twenty-four hours the research worker conducted the Post trial was conducted by the research worker by utilizing same tool. The tools used were Psychosocial Wellbeing Assessment tool and The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The Psychosocial Wellbeing appraisal tool is holding 4 dimensions – Cognitive, Emotional, Social and Spiritual. The dependability of each dimensions were checked and the overall dependability of the tool was checked. The overall dependability of the tool was 0.82. Pilot survey proved the adequateness of the tools and techniques. Hence no alterations were required. DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE The chief survey was conducted in the same old age place where the pilot survey was conducted. Before beginning of informations aggregation one time once more the old age place authorization was informed and permission obtained. A hall was arranged for showing the exercising. Based on the sampling standards and technique 25 samples were selected for experimental group and the same figure of samples was selected for control group. After set uping good resonance and obtaining their willingness the research worker explained the intent of the survey ; obtain the willingness and engagement in the survey. By utilizing psycho societal well being assessment graduated table, and Pittsburg sleep Quality Index baseline information was collected from both group. The following twenty-four hours onwards the research worker stayed in the old age place from 5 – 6 autopsy. The experimental group was divided into two subgroups, male and female individually. harmonizing to learning program relaxation therapy taugt and demonstrated seperately for male and female in 2 session. The old age people were asked to re-demonstrate and carryout the exercisings 30 proceedingss a twenty-four hours for 30 yearss in the presence of research worker. For control group no intercession was given. In both groups, On 30th twenty-four hours the research worker conducted the station trial by utilizing the same tool collected on degree of psycho societal well-being and quality of slumber. The survey was done from 15 – 8 – 2009 to 15 – 9 – 2009. Plan FOR DATA ANALYSIS The information obtained would be analyzed in footings of the aims of the survey utilizing descriptive and illative statistics. Descriptive statistics: Frequency and per centum distribution were used to analyse demographic variables, to measure the degree of psycho societal well-being, and quality of slumber of experimental and control group before the intercession. Mean and standard divergence were used to find the difference in degree of psycho societal well-being, and quality of slumber. Inferential statistics: ‘t ‘ trial was used to find the important of the difference in degree of psycho societal well-being and quality of slumber. ‘Chi square ‘ trial was used to tie in the demographic variables with degree of psycho societal well-being and quality of slumber. How to cite Study Of Aging And Care Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Capital Budgeting Considerations Free Solution by Experts Click Now!

Question: Write a script to describe capital budgeting considerations that you think are important for managers to consider? Answer: Capital budgeting: To start with the idea, capital budgeting is defined as the process or method of planning for any new project on assets with cash flows within a period that is greater than one year. The importance of capital budgeting includes the long-term investment of the capital of the fund tied into the project losing some of the flexibility during the specific period. Before making any investment, the manager of the firm needs to forecast the revenue over the future period of time. As something, say, a dollar today may yield higher return in future. Thus the long lengthen projects involve capital budgeting decisions to define the strategic plan of the economy. The two concepts must be considered of which one is numeric and another one is non-numeric i.e. quantitative. The numeric part is the division of capital budgeting when we are provided with the information to estimate the funds for capital spending needs. Taking care of the long term financial statements to invest into the organization should be cumulated as well. The net present value also named as NPV is something that we consider as a numeric factor. This can be used by taking the initial investment deducting from the value at present of future cash flows. The non-numeric part of the financial budget accounting is the planning part. The information is gathered by questioning people and by taking sample survey with observations by evaluating the budget request and the best options are provided. Both the numeric and non-numeric perspectives of capital budgeting are equally useful as well as important. References: Hickman, K. A., Byrd, J. W., and McPherson, M. (2013). Essentials of finance. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education Inc.

Why I Want to Attend College free essay sample

â€Å"In order to succeed, your desire should be greater than your fear of failure,† Bill Cosby My name is John DoeA and I am a senior at Thomas Jefferson High School. After high school, I wish to attend college to further my education and eventually become employed in the field of history. Post secondary education is very important because I want a better life experience than my parents. Neither of my parents are college graduates and I have seen the lifestyle they have had to endure; unemployed or employed in low paying jobs, making life changing mistakes that have negatively impacted their lives as well as mine. I want more for myself. I want a career and not a job. I have been afforded opportunities that have made me realize that a college education is what it takes to be a success in a struggling economy. I have traveled to the Caribbean, toured Virginia and New York City with my godmother and spent a week touring Spain on an EF tour with my Spanish teacher. We will write a custom essay sample on Why I Want to Attend College or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These experiences have allowed me to see the world and do things others dream about. A college education would make it possible for me to continue to enjoy these experiences even more. Traveling is something I love to do because it exposes me to new places, people, and cultures. I am a lover of history and traveling gives me the opportunity to study it hands on. A college education, leading to a gainfully employed career, would allow me the opportunity to travel on my own and continue to enrich my life. Because of my love of history, it is my first choice as a major in college. I have visited several colleges in and out of state through the YMCA Achievers Program. I have been able to talk to college students and get a little experience of what it would be like on campus. I have enjoyed these experiences. The students I came in contact with were really proud to be a part of something positive and affiliated with the college or university they attended. I am desperate to experience the same feelings. Richard Bland is the perfect option for me at this time, as it is the perfect gateway to me eventually obtaining a bachelors degree, will provide the campus atmosphere I crave, and is financially cost effective for my family. I have heard nothing but good things from others who have attended. I visited your website and was impressed by what I saw and read. I would love nothing more than to attend your college. Growing up like most young people I have made mistakes, overcome challenges, and often wanted to give up. I have had a strong support system that would not let me give up and encouraged me to do what is right. Four or five years from now I don’t want to wake up and realize that I made a huge mistake by not attending college. College is my path to a better future. I want to be prepared for being a productive and informed citizen of the country, nation, and world. I cannot afford not to attend college. I have much potential and want to be better. I hope you will give me the opportunity.

Personal Financial Management

Personal Financial Management Introduction A contingency plan is an essential tool in the preparation of a retirement plan and an estate management plan. The goal of this contingency plan is guarantee the maximum possible use of existing and anticipated financial resources by coordinating all of the assets, liabilities, and other sources of income of an individual.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Financial Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the process of developing a contingency plan, it is assumed that and individual has the willingness and capability to undertake necessary cash and investment commitments. Furthermore, there is also the need to be uniquely identified in order to come up with appropriate recommendations. This will ensure that the plan is realistic, effective, and efficient. Discussion In the current setting, the level of risk tolerance is moderate. Therefore, the willingness to take on risks is similar to th e capacity to assume risks. Given that existing income requirements for the portfolio are minimal, there has to be a total return methodology on the continuing capital gains rather than the creation of current income. However, existing liquid assets are adequate to offer cash reserves during any emergency (Kapoor, Dlabay, Hughes, 2012). Since the wish is to retire after 32 years of active employment, the key objective is to have a balanced portfolio in order to have sufficient retirement income. In such a case, it is important to manage the financial assets by having a portfolio comprising both taxable accounts as well as two IRAs. The calculations for this plan are based on average annual inflation being at four percent with the social security inclusion being at fifty percent. The bond mutual funds are at 4% with the equities giving a return of between 5-10%. On the other hand, annuities amount to around 5% with social security COLA rates being at 3%. The personal residence and p roperty growth rates are at 2%. The inflation of the college expenses stands at 7%. The family assets, cash-value life- insurance, as well as liabilities are defined at present market value (Kapoor, Dlabay, Hughes, 2012). The key strategy is to join an investment club and then to manage a portfolio of nearly eight to ten minor capitalization of stocks. Furthermore, investments will be done on mutual funds that are well managed due to their high-quality complements towards the personal stock holdings. Consequently, investments will be done in the other partner’s IRA but in a fund that focuses on high quality large capitalization companies.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The smaller IRA can be invested in an aggressive expansion small cap fund while the other taxable assets will be invested in the equity income fund, a money market fund, a global fund and fi nally, to a short-term bond fund. Given the existing uncertainty regarding the markets outlook, portfolio diversification will assist in dampening volatility while providing the room to ride out any downturns arising from a given market segment. Notably, replacement costs take most of the familys budget especially replacement of key items. Therefore, the annual income target is aimed at $200,000 and the plan is to increase it at an average annual inflation level of nearly two percent over the life expectancy. Saving current income is the key to attain financial goals while preparing for emergencies (Stovall Maurer, 2011). When it comes to the retirement plan, the social security will provide a distinctive advantage since it covers inflation-adjusted incomes. This will help to keep at bay erosive outcomes arising from inflation. Therefore, it will be essential to restructure the income together with the assets to meet current tax liabilities. Therefore, nearly 50% of the non-pension assets will be invested in equities while the other 50% will be on fixed-income along with cash. On the other hand, pension payments will be dealt with as fixed-income assets whereby almost 70% will be invested in equities while the remaining 30% will be invested in fixed-income plus cash. Therefore, this investment will act as a source of constant income that will be used to meet the familys daily expenses. Consequently, it will act as a foundation for growth in case the living expenses increase due to inflation. However, it is essential to consider the idea of overcoming inflation while supporting a desired lifestyle. The firmness of life insurance companies is also a growing concern due to financial troubles in the industry. Savings also offer economic control and as such, the savings will cover between 3-6 months of the living expenses.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Financial Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, this entails maintaining a sufficient disability as well as survivor income to sustain present living standards without depleting the capital until retirement. A credit management strategy from a professional will help in avoiding dealing with credit agencies by managing the credit debt. A good debt reduction plan will help in straightening out the inaccurate credit history. For instance, Equifax from Creditnet will help to monitor the credit profiles from every bureau. It will also provide notices if any changes can result in an unmanageable debt profile and protect identity from any fraudulent acts. Furthermore, it will offer simulations on how certain credit acts being undertaken can affect the credit score in addition to providing tips on how to administer the credit score (Kapoor, Dlabay, Hughes, 2012). Under estate planning, providing for the children is a major concern and the course of action should be that all of the property will be passed t o the surviving partner and the distribution to the children will be after the partner’s death. The estate plan entails applying gift and estate tax credit due to access to the gift tax credit, referred to as applicable credit tax. This plan involves distributing the applicable credit total, to the children after the death of the first partner. Thus, transferring of the estate balance to the surviving partner will be under unrestricted marital deductions through a trust arrangement. Such a plan will help to minimize the amount of the remaining partners estate that in the end trims down the estate tax obligations (Kapoor, Dlabay, Hughes, 2012). The distribution will happen after the first death of a partner and the trust created and will ultimately distribute equal shares of the estate to all the children. If the other partner becomes involved in running the family business then life insurance will facilitate her to execute a buy-sell agreement that is funded from the life in surance. Furthermore, in case of death, the proceeds from the insurance will be used to buy the business interest arising from the estate. Accordingly, the children will have full control of the business, as well as the estate including the cash that they can divide among them or their heirs.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, purchasing of the life insurance can be done directly to equalize the estate and not to increase the value of the estate that in the end can attract estate tax liability. In order to avoid the uncalled for tax drain and provide additional money to the estate, every instance of ownership will be removed from the insured. For this reason, the marginal tax bracket should remain at 30% whereby the average tax bracket lingers at 24%. The surviving spouse will most likely continue with the existing pension payments and she should have a possible advisor who can assist in assessing the options. Therefore, assets received upon death like life insurance payments can be invested into intermediate-term fixed-income funds to have the liquidity that can be used in later on investments in various funds. Furthermore, the IRA should be turned into the other spouse IRA and then invested in a similarly aggressive expansion fund such that the asset allotment remains unaffected until a better option arises. Given the fact that death can occur when the beneficiary is a minor or he/she has developed special needs, a guardian will be appointed to take charge of beneficiarys personal care. Therefore, a residuary clause will ensure that disposal of the estate assets following payments of all debts will be passed on the children (Stovall Maurer, 2011). The competitive line of credit from the bank will offer the capital required to run the rental real estate business. The business will be dealt as a personal net worth and it should have stable plus dependable cash flows including protection from disasters. Investment decisions are based on projections from markets and asset class. An asset allocation approach will offer the prospect for additional control over the amount of return in return for assuming further risks. The asset allocation is also a no-derivative approach that will help to minimize risks in addition to reducing the in general portfolio volatility. Holding vario us asset classes will help to reduce the risks especially when major markets go down. In such a plan, the key concern is to ensure that the mortgage is completed by 2025, and the vehicle loan by 2014. In addition, poor health, inflation, disability, and possible tax hikes are obstacles that can impede the plan. In order to minimize tax liability and at the same time preserve more of the estate an amount of up to $13,000 will be contributed yearly to the childs college account, so as not to incur federal gift tax charges (Stovall Maurer, 2011). Estate planning includes minimizing probable taxes, and thus help in assuring preferences concerning health care treatment. A proper estate planning recognizes what will take place in the home, investments, life insurance, the retirement plan, and additional property, especially in the event of a disability. Conclusion The above contingency plan has come up with an estate plan that not only serves the immediate needs but also the future neces sities of the beneficiaries. It covers a broad series of legal, tax, as well as financial considerations. The contingency plan takes into consideration the coordination of the plan with those of estate goals. Given that investment in the family business is a crucial asset, the plan has addressed retirement and estate planning matters comprising value of the shares and the estate, the insurance, retirement planning as well as the preservation of the estate. References Kapoor, J. R., Dlabay, L. R., Hughes, R. J. (2012). Personal Finance (10 ed.). Los Angeles: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Stovall, J., Maurer, T. (2011). The Ultimate Financial Plan: Balancing Your Money and Life. New York: Blackwell.

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JFK's Influence on the Civil Rights Movement - Essay Example The movement was more or less non-violent in nature. The civil rights movement of the people of America was a success as the protest was resultant into changes in attitude of the people of America mainly the upper class towards the African-Americans. From a broader perspective not all who stressed for racial fairness between 1954 and 1968 did so in the expectation of endorsingpeaceful social change. A noteworthyshare of the civil rights drive was, however, dedicated to the idea of diplomatic challenges, rather than bloodstainedconfrontation or attack, to change racist establishments. Historian does believe that USA President John F. Kennedy was a significant character associated with the civil rights movement in the USA. The paper is critically analyzing the role played by USA president John F. Kennedy during the 1960s civil rights movement in the USA. The thesis associated with this paper is: Is John F Kennedy is the most influential president of the USA in terms of implementation o f Civil Rights and other policy implementation. John F Kennedy was considered as one of the key player in the successful implementation of civil rights movement in the USA.As a matter of fact his role in the civil rights movement of 1960s was considered as of his greatest legacies. His speech during 1963 while framing the civil rights as both legitimate and moral authoritative force helped to a great extent to form the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and made him an icon of the movement. During 1960, there was a President election scheduled to be held in the USA and candidates for that post John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon. The movement was so intense that neither of them was able to ignore that. John F. Kennedy was the winner of that election and his sympathy for civil rights leader Martin Luther King when he was in jail was a great step taken by him which created an image of his

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The Environmental Case Analysis Of Ryanair Commerce Essay

The Environmental Case Analysis Of Ryanair Commerce Essay In an organisation the most important feature is its strategy, because strategy is the feature which gives the means to the firm to be successful. This is an effective long-term method to conduct an organisation to reach its objectives and goals to stay put on its competitive edge The scope of this essay is to consult the strategic analysis of environment and the industry together with the companys present strategic choices, and also it is requested to recommend new strategic initiatives and areas for improving strategy implementation for the senior management team of Ryanair. This is conducted with the use of six strategic models (SWOT, PESTLE, Porters Five Forces, Strategic groups, Value Chain and VRIO) that are recommended to be used to analyse the internal and external environment of the company. Each model will be taken in to deliberation and discussed carefully to highlight what had begin the case for the negative perception and the positive perception of both the customers and the companies towards its growth and sustainability Therefore this case study will be analysed to pin point on what should be done for the future strategic management of the company. Out of all the low fare airlines in the European industry Ryanair takes the lead. This airline however is from Ireland and its head office is situated in Dublin. London Stansted Airport in UK is its main operational base. Ryanair is named as the largest low cost carrier and the is the third largest airline in the account of passenger numbers. To offer- secure, cost competitive and efficient in services in the aviation hauling and to retain their employees dedication and devotion to fulfil the objectives of the industry, to maintain minimum standard of on time performance rate while complying will all application regulations and to sustain an environments where dignity and family values are being utilized. Objectives To achieve revenue growth annually To aim on having a bigger market share To have a better customer service than their rival companies To have a stronger business image Reputations with clients than rivals To be recognized as a leader among airline industries To compete in the global market To have a stable competitive advantage (Marivic .B 2009) 3.0 Micro environment analysis (Internal analysis) Organisations create worth of customer value being measured by a product performance characterises and by the credits which customers are willing to pay, by utilizing the capabilities and resources that are found internally and reaching the demand of standard global competition . These particular collection of capabilities and resources which gives the exclusive advantages to the organisation are therefore measured as core competencies Carpenter, Bauer, Erdogan (2009) 3.1 SWOT analysis (Strength and Weaknesses) Strengths The lowest cost in contrast to all the other LCC in Europe The low cost leadership had made it stand out from the arena of LCC industry in Europe The worlds most profitable airline According to the case Ryanair was the most profitable airline in the world on the basis of its operating and net profit margin, on per airline and passenger basis. Brand recognition It is claimed according to the case that Ryanairs website was the largest travel website in Europe and the fifth most recognized brand in Google The attitude of No frill Low fare To overcome the weakness of low passengers the airline restyled the system with this attitude Compared to other LCC airlines Ryanair has the most passengers 42 million passengers in 2007 Most amount of bases with most amount of aircrafts According to the case study Ryanair has flown from 16 bases with over 100 new Boeing 737-800 ordering further 138 new air crafts doubling the size Highest control in the EU low cost market 29.9% from the entire Low cost market Being the youngest fleet of all the major airlines in the EU Replacing its fleet of old aircrafts with new, more eco friendly aircrafts, minimizing the average age of its fleet to 2.4 years. Weaknesses Wheelchair chargers Bad reputation and ethical issues reflected when ryanair charged 18 pounds to use a wheelchair and in response to the protest it reduced the charge to 50 cents wheelchair toll on every passenger ticket Poor service quality The little legroom and unfriendly staff being the worst part of Ryanairs know-how Extra charge for food and luggages Carryon luggages being limited and making them check in bags allowing the passengers to walk in with minimum of hold luggage Bad relationship with the pilots Ryanair has bullied pilots to force them to agree to new contracts wherer they would have to pay 15,000 francs for retraining on new aircrafts if they left the airline. Airports in the suburbs Away from the main city make the customers inconvenient Negative response by the passengers for the additional services According to the case not all ancillary services initiatives were successful in 2005, passengers were resistance to pay additional amount because they thought it is not a worthwhile investment for a short flight. 3.2 The Value chain Infrastructure of the firm Around Europe Ryanair has 16 bases having the main bases in Stanstead and Dublin. The chargers of Ryanair airports are low due to its use of airports that are significantly away from the congested main airports. As adaptation for surcharges are not included for fuel they have to cut costs of on other ways with implementing chargers for the use of wheelchairs ,food and extra luggages. Ryanair having one type of aircrafts (boeing 737) they only have to train the pilots to fly thos particular plane hence can cut down costs as they do not have to be sent to various courses.The hierachial structure of Ryanair is very effective as the managers have to report to the CEO to make decision from the information given. Human Resource management Having the employees sleep in the bases and not having them stay in hotels has made Ryanair reduce costs. Ryanair can make future plans since they have a good roster for most of their workers having 4 days on and 3 days off. Technological development Online booking was introduced by Ryanair for the first time and thus they became eligible to reduce their costs. Self-check service enabling to the passengers was also introduced too thus Ryanair was able to reduce staff and cost. Having the youngest fleets in the EU made Ryanair reduced in costs for the new airplanes. Procurement Ryanair only providing a service and having to outsource the material they need. in addition to that they have to buy fuel and equipment collectively with leasing planes. Inbound logistics Out sourcing of handling services is very common fir a business like this I.e. cleaning service, food, medical services and security/safety. Operations Before setting off it is a must to check out all the planes and equipments by the pilots and the airports used are not very congested and only make point to point trips Marketing and sales Having the biggest website in Europe and having large advertising boards made them increase in sales and marketing. However the attempt of introducing the entertainment facility onto flights where customers had to pay more was failed as people refused to pay due to short journeys Service Having tried to keep the fleet up-to-date and letting the staff go on course once a year to improve their knowledge and making sure they know all the new regulations made Ryanair powerful on services as well. 3.3 VRIO Analysis Resources and capabilities can be regard as things that an organization own. It is essential to narrow down and clarify the core competencies to understand the meaning of the different organizational performances. If an organizations resource and capabilities are valuable, rare, inimitable and organized then it will direct to a sustainable competitive advantage. The internal analysis can thus be analyzed through this base of VRIO framework. Carpenter. M, Bauer. T, Erdogan .B (2009) Analysis of the case Recourses Valuable Rare Inimitability Organized Competitive Implication (1) Human Resources No No No No Competitive disadvantage (2) Finance Resources Yes Yes Yes Yes Sustainable competitive advantage (3) Tangible assets Yes No No Yes Competitive Parity (4) Intangible assets Yes Yes Yes Yes Sustainable competitive advantage (Table 1) The human resource of Ryanair is a competitive disadvantage as it highlights on bad relationship with pilots therefore it is not valuable it is not rare it is inimitable and it is not organized as it is not effectively arranged and deployed in the market. The Finance resources of Ryanair is valuable, it is rare, it cannot be imitated by other airlines and it is well organised and effectively arranged in the market thus it is a sustainable competitive advantage. The tangible assets of Ryanair i.e. the airplane types etc are valuable but they are not rare they can find them anywhere and the planes are imitable as any other company could have the same kind of flights. They are very well organized with the youngest planes and eco friendly with better airlines to come in to the firm in the future. Thus it has a competitive parity. The intangible assets of Ryanair especially the brand recognition are valuable they are rare and they are inimitable and they also effectively help the organisation to be organized. Thus it is a sustainable competitive advantage. 4.0 External analysis 4.1 SWOT analysis (Opportunities and Threats) Opportunities Sales increases due to credit crunch As a result of the recent recession the credit crunch made the sales increase as many customers wanted to reduce their costs. Can join the long haul market penetration by the possibility of taking over Aer Lingus As the result of losing the bid Miceal OLeary assumed that Aer Lingus can be bought over as it has no long term future. Most routes are being clear as other carriers start withdrawing As the clash increased with the routes of Ryanair other airlines such as My Travel Light are avoiding the routes all together. Threats Threats due to accidents If an accident happen in a LCC airline it will Marjory affect the firm as there are a very high percentage of significant reduce in demand Attacks of terrorists Attacks like 9/11 will reduce the demand for airlines. Increasing fuel price Ryanair limiting its ability to pass on increased costs to the passengers of low fare placing extra fare on the carriers as a policy to find cost saving in other spheres of its operations leading Ryanair for hedging. Possibility of taxation introduction Due to global warming there can be a environmental taxation Increased competition from developing countries Easyjet having and extra skyttax star For website booking and customer support Ryanair scored 1/5 in nine of the 16 criterias. (Bitterwallet nd) 4.2 The PESTLE analytical technique (Figure 1) The Macro Environmental analysis, What makes a good leader? Political One of the significant advantages to Ryanair is its political environment as the majority of its procedures are controlled within Europe. This region maintains political stability and it was a fact that we all knew. Even when there is government instability Ryanair does not experience issues as an apprehension regarding passenger volumes or flight destinations Economic For the airlines industry the increment of fuel price caused a major problem they had to cut corners if they did not hedge to accumulate cost on other areas. There can be seen a fall in demand for the flights due to the recent economic crisis. Hence job cuts increased and customers have low disposable income blocking them to spend on vacations. However this could be an advantage for other cheaper airline industries as there are people who are still able to afford a vacation as they are looking for lower cost alternatives. Social This factor has generally impacted Ryanairs business strategy. The prediction of Buyer behavior are becoming gradually more complex to forecast as loyalty are being shifted by the modern consumers from one brand to anther due to the differentiation of price and lack of basic buyer reliability. In addition to that the increasing competition among carriers with low cost fare is resulting in consumers mentally in which carrier to choose when traveling within Europe destinations. Technological The modern era is advance in technology which means that the entire industry is under change with more eco friendly and efficient. Online booking is one major improvement Ryanair has technological wise having the most visited travel website in Europe together with the fifth most recognized brand on Google Legal The heavily regulated industry with laws that are constantly adapting to new changers by not allowing liquid in the customers carry on luggages bring the legal aspect of Ryanair in to action. The new laws that implies to airline industries are the laws that are put across the industries to be more environmentally friendly. This will thus lead to companies fight ting to reduce carbon emission and make the industry less harmful to the environment to meet the terms of EU regulations. Environmental The external environment of Ryanair is somewhat stable. Nevertheless understanding the consumer behavior is Ryanairs biggest problem together with utilizing marketing applications to improve entire buyer patronage and sales performance. 4.3 Porters Five Forcers The case study will be discussed through the porters five forces analysis. This analysis is a very powerful yet simple technique to find out where the power stays in a business. This technique is used to comprehend the strengths of the present competitive position and the future where Ryanair is willing to go in. High Medium Low High Medium Bargaining power of suppliers In the airline industry there is a small number of low fare airlines, thus it shows a high threat according to the case Ryanair is being chosen by many customers for its lowest price. However by any chance if there is a price raise customers have a high potential of switching to another brand in brief customers have no loyalty towards one brand. Which gives the result as bargaining power of the suppliers is low. Bargaining power of buyers The potential of switching to other airlines are very common with LCCs since the customers are only looking for the cheapest. Therefore if Ryanair increase the cost under any circumstance there is a possibility of losing customer. In that case its evident that buyer bargaining power is high. Rivalry of competitors As a result of slow growth in the industry most carriers find it difficult to succeed the chance of succession is limited to a few firms because of the competition for market share. The high fixed cost and low product differentiation leads to high rivalry threat. This shows with Air Ligus, GlyBe and Easyjet following the similar path of Ryanair. Substitution Threat There are many substitutes for long trip i.e. Trains Buses, cars, ferries. However one cannot compare a plane with all of the above mentioned alternatives and a plane travel faster than any of them. Therefore substitute threat is moderate. The threat of new entry Airline industry is not the easiest to enter it has a lot of barriers. Ryanair is the market leader and with the implementations of new regulations and the pressure to reduce carbon emission makes it a moderate threat of new entry to the market. 4.4 Strategic groups Quality 3 2 1 Cost According to the dimensions of quality and cost of the entire industry (Refer appendix 1) 1st group falls under the same strategic group as they have same strategy of low cost leadership. 2nd group mainly serving to the people with a moderate income levels and moderate cost therefore they have the same strategy of medium cost leadership strategy. 3rd group falls under the same strategic group, as they have the same strategy of high cost high quality. Profitability 3 2 1 Number of passengers According to the dimension of profitability and number of passengers of Budget airline industry (Refer appendix 1) 1st group falls under the same strategic group as they have low profit and lowest number of passengers 2nd group falls under the same strategic group as they have medium profitability and medium amount of passengers travelling 3rd group falls under the same strategic group as they have high profitability and the highest number of passenger 5.0 Strategic choices and the recommended strategy The strategic framework of change management This framework helps Ryanair to understand the substantial change over recent years and the importance of organisational culture to organizational analysis. It also can be used to identify the key steps that could improve the management of change. However according to the Ryanair case study management is up to a good standard and therefore change management is least important The strategic framework for advertising challengers This framework can be implemented to Ryanair as it had an incident with a customer where she was mislead by an advertisement, yet this framework is also a less important The strategic framework for Customer Relationship Management This framework is used to broaden the understanding of CRM. Negative response by the passengers for the additional services Bad relationship with the pilots Poor service quality These are some of the weaknesses Ryanairs CRM come across thus to fill the bridge of the gap between negative attitude towards Customer relationship and to make it more favourable it is a must for ryanair to focus on the CRM. If Ryanair take this strategic frame work in to action they will be able to Become The most favourable airline in the industry The most profitable budget airline The positive word of mouth The well recognized brand in the industry Moreover with Customer relationship management the internal market will be looked in to with a positive perspective when the employees are motivated and when there is a beginning for employment recognition thus employees will be treated well which will lead to an overall success of the airline 6.0 Conclusion Ryanair case study was analysed through six analytical techniques (SWOT, PESTLE, Porters five Forces, Value chain, VRIO and strategic groups). Based on the analysers the management can now understand that in order to improve the strategic implementation they must follow the strategic framework of Customer relationship management It helps to bridge the gap and to meet their objectives. Therefore when the recommended framework is implemented the vision of Ryanair can be reached easily. 7.0 Referencing Beamish. H.R, 2008 Strategic management, 3rd edition, Pearson Prentice Hall Bourgeois L.J, Duhaime.I.M, Stimpert J.L, (1999) Strategic Management: a managerial perspective, 2nd Edition, Dryden press, USA Bourgeois L.J, Duhaime.I.M, Stimpert J.L, (1999) Strategic Management: a managerial perspective, 2nd Edition, Dryden press, USA Carpenter. M, Bauer. T, Erdogan .B (March 2009), Developing strategy through internal analysis Principles of management, ,Retrived on 15th April 2010 from http://www.flatworldknowledge.com/pub/1.0/principles-management/29045 Carpenter. M, Bauer. T, Erdogan .B (March 2009), Developing strategy through internal analysis, Principles of management and Organisational Behaviour, ,Retrived on 15th April 2010 from http://www.flatworldknowledge.com/pub/1.0/principles-management-and-orga/32825 De Puget.G, 2003, French Accent Ryanair Slow on Emotion, Brandchannel, Retrieved on 11th April 2010 from http://www.brandchannel.com/brand_speak.asp?bs_id=72 Eerste. P de, (2008), Boeing 737-800 RyanAir Textures, Retrieved on 25th April 2010 from http://simviation.com/simviation/index.php?type=itemHYPERLINK http://simviation.com/simviation/index.php?type=itemID=60page=9HYPERLINK http://simviation.com/simviation/index.php?type=itemID=60page=9ID=60HYPERLINK http://simviation.com/simviation/index.php?type=itemID=60page=9HYPERLINK http://simviation.com/simviation/index.php?type=itemID=60page=9page=9 GRUNDY, T. (2006) Rethinking and reinventing Michael Porters five forces model. Strategic Change. Vol 15, No 5, August. pp213-229. http://www.coursework4you.co.uk/essays-and-dissertations/porter-5-forces.php Haberberg, A. and Rieple, A. (2001), The Strategic Management of Organizations, Essex: Pearson Education Limited. Johnson, G., Scholes, K. (1997). Exploring corporate strategy (4th ed.). London: Prentice Hall Johnson G, Sholes K, Whittington R, (2005) Exploring Corporate Strategy: text and cases 7th Edition, London: Prentice Hall Marivic.B, 2009,Ryanair financial objective, Thinking made easy, Retrieved on 11th April 2010 from http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2009/03/ryanairs-financial-objectives.html Mun.J, (2008) Analysis of Ryanairs Competitive Advantages Business HYPERLINK http://www.associatedcontent.com/business/?cat=3HYPERLINK http://www.associatedcontent.com/business/?cat=3 Finance , Retrieved on 17th April 2010 from http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/1159874/analysis_of_ryanairs_competitive_advantages.html Porters five forces, Mind Tools retrieved on 12th April 2010 from http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_08.htm Ryanair,Airfearsflights nd retrived on 10th April 2010 from http://www.airfaresflights.co.uk/airlines/Ryanair Figure 1 http://www.whatmakesagoodleader.com/macro-environment-analysis.html 8.0 Appendixes