Americas Conviction In The Global War On Terror

Americas Conviction In The Global War On Terror Free Online Research Papers The proactive position of our country and her allies is an imperative commitment that could prove to ensure future safety and harmony across the world for generations to come. We, being stated as a collective ally in the Global War Against Terror, will not for generations to come be able to reap the benefits, nor bask in the feeling of success. The future goals of our actions will not be attained in any current lifetime, but we cannot afford give up when it becomes tough. World security comes a close second to our own homeland‘s, but coincidentally both require the same firm initiative and preemptive actions that keep bad men re-thinking their intentions. World peace and homeland security should be important to all; It remains Paramount!†¦. that unanimous and popular support be a passion and collective conviction of each American in every corner of the nation. â€Å"A quick withdrawal of U.S. forces from Iraq could allow victorious Muslim extremists to fan out into other countries, with some militants going to Afghanistan to fight alongside a resurgent Taliban.†(Cheney) It is essential that we stay determined on the course. We must renew our conviction as a country of De mocracy, never forgetting how we were formed nor our past struggles, and reflect now on the values we have come to represent: equality, freedom, knowledge, respect, and justice. The chance alone of acquiring a peaceful future is worth exhausting all efforts and resources to ensure stability. The U.S. House and Senate vigorously apply policy at home in a cycle of national self-improvement, and therefore should employ the same fierce commitment to any threat that poses a risk of interrupting the success of our diverse and powerful country. Any interruption that diverts away from our process of growth and development is hard work and momentum lost forever. â€Å"Gunmen rounded up a Sunni family under death threats for joining U.S. organized talks with local Shiites, hauling away the men and boys and killing all six Saturday [03 Mar. 2007] as insurgents expand a campaign of fear against opponents.(6 Sunnis) At home and abroad, we currently face a scared and simple-minded, but very determined enemy. They are passionate in their purpose, but lack the knowledge of benefits that we possess because of prosperity and diversity. â€Å"Two homicide bombers turned a procession of Shiite pilgrims into a blood-drenched stampede Tuesday [06 Mar. 2007] killing scores with a first blast and then claiming more lives among fleeing crowds. At least 106 were killed amid a wave of deadly strikes against Shiites heading for a solemn religious ritual.†(At Least) The enemy we are fighting is desperate and heartless. They have nothing to look forward to in life, and therefore nothing to lose. Their only aspirations are the possibilities of a glorious afterlife. â€Å"Those who are killed in the jihad are called Martyrs, in Arabic and other Muslim languages shabid. The English word martyr comes from the Greek martyrs, meaning witness, and in the Judeo-Christian usage designates one who is prepared to suffer torture and death rather than renounce his faith.† (Lewis 38) At the sake of appearing stereotypical, it should be vastly worrisome that a very large portion of an entire ethnicity has waged an actual war against the traditional American lifestyle. They hide among us now, in our government, our military, and most definitely mixed in with the rest of society from the prominent to the common. â€Å"[Hassan Abujihaad] was arrested in Phoenix on charges of supporting terrorism with an intent to kill U.S. citizens and transmitting classified information to unauthorized people.†(Former) Abujihaad was known as Paul Hall during his days in the U.S. Navy and was discharged honorably. There are many cases just like this, many bombings and threats the public never hears about, and a countless number of individuals living among us that support Radical Islam. Most Muslims are not terrorists, a nd should not be treated as such, but most of the terrorists are in fact Muslim. They are all familiar with the term jihad. â€Å"Jihad is sometimes presented as the Muslim equivalent to the Crusades, and the two are seen as more or less equivalent. In a sense this is true both were proclaimed and waged as holy wars for the true faith against an infidel enemy. But there is a difference. The Crusade is a late development in Christian history and †¦ marks a radical departure from basic Christian values†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Lewis 37) From the beginning, and birth of our dueling religions, Muslims recognized Christians as having a very similar history and common beliefs. Basically speaking- the Modern West is the primary rival of the Islamic struggle for imperialistic world domination, or as their coined terms now apply: enlightenment vs. globalization. Being forged with Protestant and Judeo-Christian values, the United States is the prime target of a fierce Radical Islamic Ideology, and that really should scare the hell out of everyone. Such a threat jeopardizes the fundamentals of our great Nation, because of the simplistic fact that Muslim extremists wish to destroy the Western world. It is their ultimate goal and final solution, to spread Islam across the globe destroying all that oppose it. â€Å"According to Islamic law, it is lawful to wage war against four types of enemies: infidels, apostates, rebels, and bandits. Although all four types of wars are legitimate, only the first two count as jihad. Jihad is thus a religious obligation. In †¦ Muslim jurists distinguish between offensive and defensive warfare. In offense, jihad is an obligation of the Muslim community as a whole, and may therefore be discharged by volunteers and professionals. In a defensive war, it becomes an obligation of every able-bodied individual. It is this principle that Osama bin Laden invoked in his declaration of war against the United States.† (Lewis 31) According to the values Muslim extremists defend, it is forbidden to commit suicide, being a mortal sin punishable by eternal damnation. Muslim jurists and prophets have also prohibited those engaged in jihad not to kill women, children, the elderly, and forbid the torture or mutilation of prisoners. Bernard Lewis said well, in The Crisis of Islam, that â€Å"The suicide bomber is taking a considerable risk on a theological nicety.† Insurgents and terrorists behaving the way they have, blowing themselves up next to innocents in the name of the religion, begs a few small questions†¦.What are they thinking; Why is that being encouraged by their society? It requires a firm and dedicated conviction to keep that out of our world. In the eyes of this enemy, we are the infidels and literally seen as â€Å"The Great Satan.† On several occasions recently, thousands have chanted in the streets, â€Å"Death to America.† They hate us and the lives of peace, diversity, and equality that our system promotes. It is the ultimate objective to have us all dead, and at this very moment, they are training thousands of toddlers to do it. Hopefully soon enough, our enemies will run out of those willing to sacrifice their lives as â€Å"martyrs,† and if we keep the pressure applied, will deplete their financial support network. If we let up on the pressure, it will only embolden them, giving our enemy time to gain strength and numbers. They will think we can be beaten, then follow us home to do it. Without the absolute unwavering conviction from which we were forged, we will fall†¦. crumbling to dust, and into the stories of history alongside every other great empire before us. In addition to the global, wide-spread common feeling of a life in fear, the cumulative sacrifice, and exponential losses of both sides is grave, and ultimately affects the entire World’s peace and prosperity. We, the citizens United States, are losing our feeling of security at home and abroad, along with the guarantee of prosperous economic relations with several countries across the world. Public opinion holds us accountable for the current troubles. Somebody has to be held accountable, and that burden usually falls on us. It is our Global War Against Terror; It belongs to us, and we shall remain responsible. â€Å"U.S. forces too, continue to tally loses at the hands of extremists despite signs of more successful raids against bases and weapon stockpiles. The military said nine soldiers were killed Monday [05 Mar. 2007] in two separate road side bombings north of Baghdad, making it the deadliest day for U.S. troops in Iraq in nearly a month† (At Least) Our intentio ns do absolutely come with a sacrifice. The countries that do harbor desperate Muslim Insurgencies are sacrificing trust throughout the world, and are also taking away the ability of more pacified nations to claim that the religion of Islam†¦. is one of peace. In The Crisis of Islam, the current and general economic situations of nations harboring terrorists and Muslim extremists is of notable importance, described â€Å"A Failure of Modernity†: Almost the entire Muslim world is affected by poverty and tyranny. Both of these problems are attributed, especially by those with an interest in diverting attention from themselves, to America- the first to American economic dominance and exploitation, now thinly disguised as â€Å"globalization†; the second to America’s support for the many so-called Muslim tyrants who serve its purposes. Globalization has become a major theme in the Arab media, and it is almost always raised in connection with American economic penetration. The increasingly wretched economic situation in most of the Muslim world, compared not only with the West but also with the rapidly rising economies of East Asia, fuels these frustrations. American paramountcy, as Middle Easterners see it, indicates where to direct the blame and resulting hostility. The combination of low productivity and high birth rate in the Middle East makes for an unstable mix, with a large and rapidly growing population of u nemployed, uneducated, and frustrated young men. By all indicators from the United Nations, World Bank, and other authorities, the Arab countries- in matters such as job creation, education, technology, and productivity- lag even further behind the West. Even worse, the Arab nations also lag behind the more recent recruits to Western style modernity such as Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore. The comparative figures on the performance of Muslim countries as reflected in these statistics, are devastating. (Lewis 113-114) The peaceful Muslims may not, in fear of their lives, stand up to renounce those with radical intentions; The weak, uneducated majority has little resistance, and convert to extremism easily. Seemingly too far out of hand to quell, time will show that Radical Islam be commonplace†¦.and the majority. â€Å"However, Kimmett was careful not to leave the impression that all is lost. This enemy is not ten feet tall. He can be, he must be, and he will be defeated.†(Naylor) Our enemy is not ten feet tall, but the children of America still face a long and grave situation indeed. To be successful, we must first work together in congress, and prioritize our objectives. Americans must first understand the enemy, and then by necessity formulate immediate action and policies for the defeat and prevention of the volatile spread of their regimes and influence. Be one for it or against it, each American needs to take a stand in recognizing our dilemma, and just be†¦. anything with conviction. The political head-butting needs to stop; it emboldens our enemy and ensures them that they are exactly where they wish to be†¦. lying embedded in our skin. They way our country disputes policy disagreements is pathetic, and even worse that we broadcast it for the world to see. The continuous course of political bickering undermines our viewed authority, and makes us appear as incompetent fools to the world. This will strip us of dignity and respect across the globe, and be the beginning of our downfall. Our political process should be conducted behind closed doors, w ith very strict regulations on what leaves the room to enter the vicarious world of international media. Allowing others to discredit policy should not be allowed, unless the objector has a plan of action. Current leaders must take a positive direction to stress applications of political unity and cooperation. If a party, or individual wishes to address a problem, they had better come to the table with a legitimate idea for the solution. America has to get used to the fact that leaders sometimes make unpopular decisions, because followers remain too cowardice to do so. The trusted one must take a stand, and most will follow. We must immediately do everything in our power to stabilize the Middle East, and right now the best solution is presence with ability of force and to support the Iraq Army, as bitter as it may seem. Freedom is a virtue and a luxury, but is certainly not free. It seems unfortunate, but remains necessary that we buy it with the blood of our youth, instead of using diplomacy. We did here, and always continue to stress diplomacy. Some countries are too primitive to have a successful process of diplomatic relations in place. We must do our best to promote peace, but also ensure that innocent violence not be tolerated, and we must also address, bring to light, and deal with intentions to destroy the West†¦. preemptively. â€Å"Al-Qaeda and its allies are trying to obtain weapons of mass destruction, [Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for the Middle East] Kimmitt said-chemical weapons, biological weapons, and probable fissile material for a dirty bomb. One should be absolutely certain that if Al -Qaeda head Osama bin Laden gets his hands on them that he will use them.†(Naylor) The countries of our enemies are run by a near-prehistoric faction and network of militia-men, where the most diabolical and tyrannical individuals are elevated to power by force. Should we really let them alone? A lone child will always kick over an ant pile, and the ignorant, oblivious adult will do the same. The educated leader of a family will destroy the pests quickly with purpose and conviction, seeing ahead the threat they pose. Promoting and maintaining world stability will continue to prove a difficulty. The Global War on Terror should be an active, important part of every democratic country, and it is our duty to alert and encourage other nations by showing them the importance of a convicted initiative. The networks we seek attempt to lay low and gain strength in the shadows. â€Å"A top Iranian cleric accused Pakistan on Friday of becoming a terrorist sanctuary, following an upsurge of violence on the two nation’s border area that Tehran blames on plots by arch foe the United States and on Pakistan’s ability to control its border.†(Iran) Our country has some of the greatest minds, and the finest cutting-edge technology. Our near-infinite resources are of course, being used to cripple terrorist networks at the knees and to root and destroy networks, but we certainly could add needed pressure to one other area of dire importance†¦. that being, education. Education of the foreign y outh is essential to future stability of the region. Targeting young leaders, teachers and more importantly children, is our best bet at success. â€Å"The situation is getting more and more confused,† Powell told a Purdue University audience â€Å"Thursday night, I hope the Iraqis will seize the opportunity we have given them.†(Powell) They are now being raised in the Middle East as terrorists, racists, and oppressors of women. It is unfathomable how far the Radical Islamists go to train young children in ways of hatred and terror. Developing peaceful education counsels, head by responsible dignitaries of Middle eastern decent would prove immensely successful and a large amount of funding should be allocated to this initiative. Inspiration of the young minds within this part of the world is detrimental to a successful future in the troubled region, and a general passion for the development of professionalism and individuality needs to be developed with careful attent ion. At the sake of departing from political corrective injected by the sensitive majority of our passive and oblivious society, we have become so liberal that it has weakened our structure as a country, twisted our ideals, and departed ways from what our country was founded on. Those same liberal accommodations are eating America from the inside out. Will we stand for nothing, and will our coins soon read, â€Å"In whatever God you choose?† We need to go back to the basics, and state what this country stands for within guidelines, adhering to respected boundaries. We should never allow the actions of enemies like that of our current, to determine the future and policy of this great nation. Americans need to bind together, and take a united stand against those that wish us harm. 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Onomatopoeia - Definition and Examples in English

Onomatopoeia s in English Onomatopoeia is the use of words (such as hiss or murmur) that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to. Adjective: onomatopoeic or onomatopoetic. An onomatope is a particular word that imitates the sound it denotes. Onomatopoeia is sometimes called a figure of sound rather than a figure of speech. As  Malcolm Peet and David Robinson point out,  Onomatopoeia is a fortunate by-product of meaning; few words and relatively few arrangements of words have sounds which are meaningful in themselves(Leading Questions, 1992). Etymology From the Latin, make names Examples and Observations Chug, chug, chug. Puff, puff, puff. Ding-dong, ding-dong. The little train rumbled over the tracks.(Watty Piper [Arnold Munk], The Little Engine That Could, 1930)Brrrrrrriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinng! An alarm clock clanged in the dark and silent room.(Richard Wright, Native Son, 1940)Im getting married in the morning!Ding dong! the bells are gonna chime.(Lerner and Loewe, Get Me to the Church on Time. My Fair Lady, 1956)Plop, plop, fizz, fizz, oh what a relief it is.(slogan of Alka Seltzer, U.S.)Plink, plink, fizz, fizz(slogan of Alka Seltzer, U.K.)Two steps down, I heard that pressure-equalizing pop deep in my ears. Warmth hit my skin; sunlight shone through my closed eyelids; I heard the shat-HOOSH, shat-HOOSH of the weaving flats.(Stephen King, 11/22/63. Scribner, 2011)Woop! Woop! Thats the sound of da police, KRS-One famously chants on the hook of Sound of da Police from 1993s Return of the Boombap. The unmistakable sound he makes in place of the police siren is an example of onomatopo eia, the trope that works by exchanging the thing itself for a linguistic representation of the sound it makes.(Adam Bradley, Book of Rhymes: The Poetics of Hip Hop. BasicCivitas, 2009) Flora left Franklin’s side and went to the one-armed bandits spread along one whole side of the room. From where she stood it looked like a forest of arms yanking down levers. There was a continuous clack, clack, clack of levers, then a click, click, click of tumblers coming up. Following this was a metallic poof sometimes followed by the clatter of silver dollars coming down through the funnel to land with a happy smash in the coin receptacle at the bottom of the machine.(Rod Serling, The Fever. Stories from the Twilight Zone, 2013)Hark, hark!Bow-wow.The watch-dogs bark!Bow-wow.Hark, hark! I hearThe strain of strutting chanticleerCry, Cock-a-diddle-dow!(Ariel in William Shakespeares The Tempest, Act One, scene 2)Onomatopoeia every time I see yaMy senses tell me hubbaAnd I just cant disagree.I get a feeling in my heart that I cant describe. . . .Its sort of whack, whir, wheeze, whineSputter, splat, squirt, scrapeClink, clank, clunk, clatterCrash, bang, beep, buzzRing, rip, roa r, retchTwang, toot, tinkle, thudPop, plop, plunk, powSnort, snuck, sniff, smackScreech, splash, squish, squeakJingle, rattle, squeal, boingHonk, hoot, hack, belch.(Todd Rundgren, Onomatopoeia. Hermit of Mink Hollow, 1978) Klunk! Klick! Every trip(U.K. promotion for seatbelts)[Aredelia] found Starling in the warm laundry room, dozing against the slow rump-rump of a washing machine.(Thomas Harris, Silence of the Lambs, 1988)Jemimah: Its called Chitty Chitty Bang Bang.Truly Scrumptious: Thats a curious name for a motorcar.Jemimah: But thats the sound it makes. Listen.Its saying chitty chitty, chitty chitty, chitty chitty, chitty chitty, chitty chitty, bang bang! chitty chitty . . ..(Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, 1968)Bang! went the pistol,Crash! went the windowOuch! went the son of a gun.OnomatopoeiaI dont want to see yaSpeaking in a foreign tongue.(John Prine, Onomatopoeia. Sweet Revenge, 1973)He saw nothing and heard nothing but he could feel his heart pounding and then he heard the clack on stone and the leaping, dropping clicks of a small rock falling.(Ernest Hemingway, For Whom the Bell Tolls, 1940)It went zip when it moved and bop when it stopped,And whirr when it stood still.I never knew just what it w as and I guess I never will.(Tom Paxton, The Marvelous Toy. The Marvelous Toy and Other Gallimaufry, 1984) I like the word geezer, a descriptive sound, almost onomatopoeia, and also coot, codger, biddy, battleax, and most of the other words for old farts.(Garrison Keillor, A Prairie Home Companion, January 10, 2007) Creating Sound Effects in Prose A sound theory underlies the onomahtthat we read not only with our eyes but also with our ears. The smallest child, learning to read by reading about bees, needs no translation for buzz. Subconsciously we hear the words on a printed page.Like every other device of the writing art, onomatopoeia can be overdone, but it is effective in creating mood or pace. If we skip through the alphabet we find plenty of words to slow the pace: balk, crawl, dawdle, meander, trudge and so on.The writer who wants to write fast has many choices. Her hero can bolt, dash, hurry or hustle.(James Kilpatrick, Listening to What We Write. The Columbus Dispatch, August 1, 2007) Linguists on Onomatopoeia Linguists almost always begin discussions about onomatopoeia with observations like the following: the snip of a pair of scissors is su-su in Chinese, cri-cri in Italian, riqui-riqui in Spanish, terre-terre in Portuguese, krits-krits in modern Greek. . . . Some linguists gleefully expose the conventional nature of these words, as if revealing a fraud.(Earl Anderson, A Grammar of Iconism. Fairleigh Dickinson, 1999) A Writer's Word My favorite word is onomatopoeia, which defines the use of words whose sound communicates or suggests their meanings. Babble, hiss, tickle, and buzz are examples of onomatopoeic usage.The word onomatopoeia charms me because of its pleasing sound and symbolic precision. I love its lilting alternation of consonant and vowel, its tongue-twisting syllabic complexity, its playfulness. Those who do not know its meaning might guess it to be the name of a creeping ivy, or a bacterial infection, or maybe a small village in Sicily. But those acquainted with the word understand that it, too, in some quirky way, embodies its meaning.Onomatopoeia is a writers word and a readers nightmare but the language would be poorer without it.(Letty Cottin Pogrebin, quoted by Lewis Burke Frumkes in Favorite Words of Famous People. Marion Street Press, 2011) The Lighter Side of Onomatopoeia Russian Negotiator: Why must every American president bound out of an automobile like as at a yacht club while in comparison our leader looks like . . . I dont even know what word is.Sam Seaborn: Frumpy?Russian Negotiator: I dont know what frumpy is but onomatopoetically sounds right.Sam Seaborn: Its hard not to like a guy who doesnt know frumpy but knows onomatopoeia.(Ian McShane and Rob Lowe in Enemies Foreign and Domestic. The West Wing, 2002)I have a new book, Batman: Cacophony. Batman faces off against a character called Onomatopoeia. His shtick is that he doesnt speak; he just mimics the noises you can print in comic books.(Kevin Smith, Newsweek, Oct. 27, 2008) Pronunciation: ON-a-MAT-a-PEE-a Also Known As: echo word, echoism

Art-opinion paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Art-opinion paper - Essay Example There is a wide variety of artworks in the art gallery which range from traditional fine art to contemporary art. These works are outstanding examples of the role of art in a society. At its best, Robischon Gallery gives a completed and perfect picture of the various types of artworks in the art galleries in Denver, Colorado. I was happy to visit the Robischon Gallery last month for the monthly exhibition of regional, national and international artists and such exhibitions have been in practice since 1976. I witnessed the gallery’s major exhibitions which embody the current pluralism in artworks. The artists who were present in the exhibition dealt in detail with a wide range of stylistic and contextual concerns in artworks which also suggested the current pluralism in artworks. The Robischon Gallery’s fundamental exhibition program was also a forum for the discussions on the current dialogues in the art world, including the rise and impact of Chinese contemporary art. There were several major artworks by the significant artists of integrity with vision and compelling ideas. â€Å"Robischon Gallery represents and exhibits artists who cover a range of notoriety including Christo and Jeanne-Claude, Manuel Neri, Bernar Venet, Robert Motherwell, Judy Pfaff, Richard Serra and Ellsworth Kelly, in tandem with emerging artists new to the professional level. Robischon Gallery consistently features work by artists of integrity with vision and compelling ideas, while acknowledging the historical precedence of their idiom.† (Robischon Gallery) Therefore, the artworks in the Robischon Gallery in the Denver art galleries, Colorado have significant permanence in the minds of the art lovers who visit the gallery and I was fortunate to have a personal acquaintance with these important works of art which were luxury to the eyes and heart. The Robischon Gallery in the Denver art galleries, Colorado is an awesome gallery to visit and

Review of literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Review of literature - Essay Example High consumption of alcohol in men can arouse anger in men, with the consequent result of domestic violence. Evaluation of the impact of treatment for alcoholism one year after the treatment demonstrated reduction of anger tantrums and violence towards the female partners (O’Farrell, Fals-Stewart, Murphy & Murphy, 2003). The evaluation of a 15-week cognitive-behavioral skills training program for men involved in domestic violence against women demonstrated that there was a sharp decrease in the recurrence of the violent behavior in men completing the training program. In addition, in comparison to those who dropped out of the program, those who completed the training program demonstrated a lower rate of physical violence recidivism during the one year follow up period (Hamberger & Hastings, 1988). Cognitive behavioural therapy is a popular treatment program for physically abusive men. The objective in cognitive behavioural therapy is not only to change behavior employing behavioural change models, but also to alter thinking patterns and beliefs that contribute to the violent behavior. However, very few randomised controlled effect evaluations have been conducted on the effectiveness of this treatment strategy for any definite conclusion on the effectiveness of the treatment strategy (Smedslund et al, 2007). The Over Aggression Scale (OAS) measures aggressive behaviors on four aspects of physical aggression directed on others, physical aggression directed on self, verbal aggression, and physical aggression against objects present in the surroundings. These four classifications are further studied on the basis of ratings from one to four, with one being the least severe and four being the mist severe. This tool is extremely useful for evaluating the effect of treatment programs for reducing aggressive behavior, as it permits recording of aggressive incidents for review and comparison

Minimum Wage Increase Essay Essay Example for Free

Minimum Wage Increase Essay Essay Most people would agree that raising the minimum wage sounds like a good idea, but arguments arise concerning if this increase would benefit the economy. Jared Bernstein believes that a minimum wage increase would positively affect the American economy. He argues that the economy is driven by consumer spending and low ­income workers are very likely to spend their extra earned money. On the contrary, Douglas Holtz ­Eakin strives to make the point that raising the minimum wage would not be beneficial to the economy. He argues that there would be no reduction in poverty because only a small percent of minimum wage workers are in poverty, while most are unemployed. An examination of raising the minimum wage will reveal why it will benefit American society. According to Jared Bernstein raising the minimum wage would help. Bernstine suggests that the American economy is made up of 70 percent consumer spending. He argues that an extra dollar earned by a wealthy person is less likely to be spent than an extra dollar earned by a low ­income person. In addition Bernstein points out that this leads to the low ­income worker being much more likely to consume their extra dollar of earnings. Similarly one might argue that a minimum wage increase that directly raises the pay of a relatively small share of the workforce by a small amount is unlikely to be a big deal. Raising the minimum wage is a growth strategy and should be used to try to revive our economy. The wage increase would help families struggling on minimum wage salaries. These families would see these new earni ngs as a chance to spend on new things and will slightly help macroeconomic growth. Helping the economy on the margin while also helping these families make ends meet. One should conclude that raising the minimum wage will help families in need and in terms help the economy. According to Douglas Holtz ­Eakin Raising the federal minimum wage will neither reduce poverty nor boost growth. Holtz ­Eakin suggests that increasing the minimum wage would ensure that m illions of Americans got raises that they would presumably turn right around and spend. He argues that unfortunately the money for a raise has to come out of the wallet of another American. In addition Holtz ­Eakin points out that the minimum wage hike for one low ­wage worker comes directly out of the pocket of another. In contrast one might suggest that the wage increase is neither anti ­poverty nor stimulus. According to Holtzs article companies may not be able to hire as many workers if the wage is increased. The money may not come directly from another working americans pocket but it has to come from somewhere. Businesses may suffer from the increase. Some businesses may not even be able to hire as many employees as necessary, taking away jobs. One should conclude that increasing the wage may harm other americans not directly affected by the increase. According to Jared bernstein the moderate increases in the minimum wage boost the earnings of most low ­wage workers without leading to large employment losses. He argues that The increase favored by the president and congressional Democrats, would place the real value of the wage floor back where it was in th e late 1960s. In addition Bernstein suggests that this increase would directly affect about 13 percent of the workforce. He argues a vast majority of low wage families would benefit from the increase. Similarly one might suggest that some families struggling to make ends meet have 2 or 3 minimum wage jobs. These families with multiple minimum wage jobs will greatly benefit from the increase. This research does not put into account that many families struggling on minimum wage have multiple minimum wage jobs. Now these families would have extra earnings to make ends meet and stimulate the economy. Since minimum wage workers are more likely to spend their extra dollars,the american economy will benefit from extra consumer spending. One should conclude that raising the minimum wage would help lower class families who depend on minimum wage. According to Douglas Holtz ­Eakin the minimum wage is a poor tool to fight poverty because it does not target those in poverty. Holtz ­Eakin suggests that only 2 percent of workers earn the minimum wage, and only 20 percent of those are in poverty. He argues that the reality is that the dividing line between being poor and being non ­poor is having a job. In addition Holtz ­Eakin points out that only 7 percent of those who have a job are in poverty, while more than 27.5 percent of those without jobs are poor.

Legalization of Marijuana Essay -- Marijuana Pot Legalize Weed Drugs E

Legalization of Marijuana This essay has problems with formatting Marijuana is a substance that has become very much a part of American culture. Nearly 65 million Americans have either used it occasionally or regularly. The use of marijuana hit mainstream America about thirty years ago and it has been accepted by a large segment of society ever since (Rosenthal 16). The debate on whether this substance should be legalized or not remains a very hot topic today. Despite government efforts to isolate and eliminate its use, it is clear that the use of marijuana is still very popular. There is an obvious problem concerning marijuana today. Governments on all three levels: local, state, and federal are trying desperately to find an appropriate policy involving marijuana. National polls show that more than 70% of the American people, from both ends of the political spectrum, support controlled access to marijuana for medicinal purposes. Despite fierce opposition from the federal government, voters in California and Arizona passed ballot initiatives in the fall of 1996 favoring the legalization of medicinal marijuana (Randall 33). If support for marijuana at least as a medicinal remedy is so high, then why have only a few states taken steps to change their policy? There are several reasons why marijuana remains illegal. Mainly, it is a political issue kicked around by certain special interest groups. Some of these groups perceive marijuana as a threat to the home, tearing families apart and causing them to abandon traditional values. However these groups usually are not legitimate areas of legislation. The more powerful groups have other, more practical reasons for keeping marijuana illegal. Among the most powerful of these groups are the combined law enforcement-judiciary-penal systems. This group sees the elimination of marijuana laws as a threat to their jobs. Add to this group defense lawyers, who stand to make millions of dollars defending marijuana offenders. Consciously or not, they support anti-marijuana laws (Rosenthal 2). Another interest group includes the scientists whose marijuana research is funded by the government. If marijuana were legalized, they would lose millions of dollars in research grants intended to prove the detrimental effects of the substance. Two other unrelated and very influential groups are the liquor lobby and phar... ...ions and penalties against drug trafficking, and oppose attempts to weaken international drug policies and laws. Support adherence to scientific research standards and ethics that are prescribed by the world scientific community and professional associations in conducting studies and review on alcohol, tobacco and other drugs. Support efforts to prevent availability and use of drugs, and oppose policies and programs that accept drug use based erroneously on reduction or minimization of harm. BIBLIOGRAPHY Abel, I. L. Marihuana : The First Twelve Thousand Years. New York : McGraw Hill, 2005. Garner, Charles. Personal Interview. May 21, 2007. Kluger, Jeffery. Personal Interview. May 16, 2007. Nahas, Gabriel G. Marihuana, Biological Effects. Illionois : Univeristy of Illinois Press, 2002. Potter, Beverly. The Healing Magic of Cannabis. California : Ronin Publishings, Inc., 2004. Randall, Robert C. The Patients Fight for Medicinal Pot. New York : Thunders Mouth Press, 2007. Roffman, Roger A. Marijuana as Medicine. Washington : Madrona Publishers, Inc., 2004. Rosenthal, Ed. Why Marijuana Should Be Legal. New York : Thunder?s Mouth Press, 1996.

Challange Faced by University Students Essay

Education is the most important aspect of learning for every generation established in every mode. In university there are different field of studies with different years of each program. It is obvious that new students are going to face further challenges in university. In this case, these challenges could be the burden which can pull them out of the school without completing their studies. This essay will discuss these challenges in condition of financial, social, and academic. To begin with, financial problems are a major challenge for university students includes tuition fee, rent expenses, and text books. Tuition fee is the most common challenge for these students. Though, for some they only take one or two units per semester because of financial problems. The high costs of fee causes many problems for those who are not sponsored. Besides, fee expenses for each semester cost of thousands of dollars. So, tuition fee is a great burden for the unsponsored students. Furthermore, text books are the most essential property students must have in university. First year students also suffered in buying text books regarding to financial problem. Those who are not sponsored are suffered the most on the high cost of these books. Another challenge is that some of them have not enough money in a pocket. But in this case, such challenges can create lot of troubles in their minds throughout their time in the university. Moreover, rent is also a challenge for these students. These students might live in different hostels where some are cheap but isolated from the campus, and some are nearby the campus but expensive. It is better to live nearby the campus for new students to avoid troubles. However, they have problem with monthly rent where it is expensive but must be cleared. Another reason is based on a small amount of their allowance which cannot meet their expenses on rent and others. However, these financial challenges make them concern the most. Another major†¦ [continues]. Read full essay

Tokyo essy

I will be talking about the city of Tokyo. Tokyo is well known and is very interesting with many great attractions and a huge economy. Tokyo is the capital of Japan and is the most densely populated cities of the country. Since ancient times, the city has been one of the most densely populated cities of the country. Tokyo is the largest metropolitan area in the world. The Tokyo metropolis was formed in 1943. Tokyo was originally a fishing village named Edo. Tokyo isn't Just a city, it is a megacity.Tokyo is great now but Just 400 years ago this global powerhouse was little ore than a backwater castle town on the shores of the muddy Sumida River. Over the past century it has been twice virtually annihilated. It almost first collapsed during the 1923 Great Kanto earthquake and subsequent firestorm, and again in 1945 after the devastation of the Allied bombings. Each time it has risen like a phoenix from the ashes, reborn in an ever-more-modern reflection of itself. Tokyo know shines an d is a great city to be a part of.The political economy of Tokyo is very immense and the city revolves around the people, environment and Jobs. Though it occupies only 0. 6% of the total area of Japan, the population density is nearly 5,655 persons per square kilometers, thereby making is one of the most populated cities of the world. As on October 1st, 2003 the population of the city stood at 12. 369 million. Tokyo has the largest metropolitan economy in the world. Tokyo has a total GDP of IJS$I . 479 trillion in. As of 2009, 51 of the companies listed on the Global 500 are based in Tokyo, almost twice that of the second-placed city (Paris).Tokyo is a major international finance center. It houses the headquarters of several of the world's largest investment banks and insurance ompanies, and serves as a hub for Japan's transportation, publishing, and broadcasting industries. During the centralized growth of Japan's economy following World War II, many large firms moved their headqua rters from cities such as Osaka, to Tokyo, in an attempt to take advantage of better access to the government. This trend has begun to slow due to ongoing population growth in Tokyo and the high cost of living there.It is the most expensive city in the world to live in for 14 years in a row until 2006. Another aspect that helped build Tokyo to what it is is The Tokyo Stock Exchange. It is Japan's largest stock exchange, and third largest in the world by market capitalization and fourth largest by share turnover. Tourism in Tokyo is also a huge contributor to the economy. In 2006, 4. 81 million foreigners and 420 million Japanese visits to Tokyo were made; the economic value of these visits totaled 9. 4 trillion yen according to the government of Tokyo.Many tourists visit the various downtowns, stores, and entertainment districts throughout the neighborhoods. Besides banking and stock aspect, Tokyo had 8,460 ha (20,900 acres) of agricultural land as of 2003. The farmland is concentra ted in Western Tokyo. Perishables such as vegetables, fruits, and flowers can be conveniently shipped to the markets in the eastern part ot the pretecture. Komatsuna and spinach are the most important vegetables; as of 2000, Tokyo supplied 32. 5% of the komatsuna sold at its central produce market.With 36% of its area covered by forest, Tokyo has extensive growths of cryptomeria and Japanese cypress, especially in the mountainous western communities of Akiruno, –me, Okutama, Hachi ¶Ji, Hinode, and Hinohara. Tokyo Bay was once a major source of fish. Presently, most of Tokyo's fish production comes from the outer islands, such as Izu –shima and HachiJ ¶Jima. Skipjack tuna, nori, and ali are among the ocean products. (Wikipedia) Tokyo was built because of the people and because of the Jobs and opportunities.Throughout the years, Tokyo has expanded the companies and businesses and became one the most expensive cities in all aspects in the world. The culture and urban ecology of Tokyo is widespread and a big part of the community. Over the years, people from the other prefectures of Japan gradually moved into this city, thereby leading to a massive growth in its population. The population of the city is divided into Juveniles, working age population and the aged population. The Juvenile age groups range from 0-14 years, the working age ranges from 15-64 years while the aged population ranges from 65 years and above.As per the figures provided in January 2003, the three age groups constitute nearly 1 1. 9%, 70. 9% and 17. 1% respectively, of the total population of the city. The aged population of the country is particularly on the rise over here. Tokyds population is also higher due to the huge number of people who commute everyday to this city from the nearby prefectures for studying or for working. Because of this reason, the daytime population of Tokyo is higher than the nighttime population. Tokyo is home to a number of foreign nationals. As on January 2005, the number of foreign residents found in the country stood at 353,826.The five major nationalities of the foreign residents staying in this country consist of British, Chinese, American, Korea and Philippine. The natives to Tokyo are called Tokyoites. Tokyo is also a great landscape and has great scenery. Tokyo is one of few places in the world where a flower can bring an entire city to a state of near-sexual excitement. Cherry blossoms last for less than two weeks and are symbolic, of the impermanence of life, the sadness underlying its exquisite beauty. Cherry blossoms fall in their prime, as samurai warriors were meant to do.High-end kurabu bar hostesses compose themselves into human ikebana flower arrangements with the same eye for art and beauty as the geisha who once frequented the pleasure districts of old Edo, famous throughout Japan. Look out over Tokyo and you will see a 21st-century megalopolis, a city of glassy skyscrapers ringed by an elevated super tol l road, like a modern Great Wall of China. But Tokyo is far more than that. It's a place where the past is inextricably woven into the present; where pockets of ancient traditions don't Just survive, they hrive in the midst of an ultramodern consumer culture.Architecture in Tokyo has largely been shaped by Tokyo's history. The socio- psychological aspect of Tokyo is very interesting. Twice in recent history, the metropolis has been left in ruins: first in the 1923 Great Kant ¶ earthquake and later after extensive firebombing in World War II. Because of this, Tokyo's urban landscape consists mainly ot modern and contemporary architecture, and older buildings are scarce. Tokyo features many internationally famous forms of modern architecture including Tokyo International Forum, Asahi Beer Hall, Mode Gakuen Cocoon Tower, NTT Docomo Yoyogi Building and Rainbow Bridge.Tokyo also features two distinctive towers: Tokyo Tower and the new Tokyo Skytree which is the tallest tower in Japan a nd the second tallest structure in the world. Tokyo also contains numerous parks and gardens. There are four national parks in Tokyo Prefecture, including the Fuji- Hakone-lzu National Park, which includes all of the Izu Islands. All the parks and fields are sights to see and enjoyed by many people and still making people enjoy that they live there. The fut

Introduction to Folklore Folklore Genres and Analysis

Introduction to Folklore Folklore Genres and Analysis Folklore is a complex term, whose definition has stirred up mixed thoughts and ideologies in the folklorists’ world. There is no single definition that is universally accepted since different folklorists- in the past and current- have different thoughts. But, these varied thoughts are interlinked with Alan Dunde’s list of folklore, which entails different genres that are difficult to categorize (Oring, 1989).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Introduction to Folklore: Folklore Genres and Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result, varied definitions have been developed to help understand the genres better. To some extent, the two words that give rise to the general term â€Å"folklore† influence the folklorists’ work in coming up with a definition. The meanings associated with the words â€Å"folk† and â€Å"lore† should be envisaged in the general definition of the word. According to Newell (1890), folklore is â€Å"oral tradition and belief handed down from generation to generation without the use of writing† (Oring, 1989, p. 7). Initially, folklore referred to survivals such as legends that enabled the continuation of a practice over time. The use of tales and beliefs was associated with some kind of mythology and coming up with an articulate distinction between mythology and folklore was fundamental. However, this cause became weak when Newell’s redefinition of folklore surfaced. Folklorists link folklores to peasantry because the primitive and less privileged people tend to value their cultural practices and values, which are passed on from one generation to another, compared with civilized people. Natural and spiritual facets of folklore have been eroded among the urban civilized people. The peasantry still value their natural and spiritual lives that have not been distorted by urbanization. A typical example is the current world we are living in, which due to technological change and development has placed more focus on making life better rather than dwelling on maintaining the authenticity of folklore. A visit to communities that have not been polluted by westernization and its ramifications shows that these societies are still entwined into their ancient practices. I therefore believe that despite the varied definitions of folklore, it is inclined to a particular group sharing a particular â€Å"ancient factor†.Advertising Looking for report on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Folklore never dies; it somehow finds a way to relive even though not in its original state as long as it thrives in some way. However, it is argued that its value lies in its connection to common daily experiences of the people despite the transformation. Folklore should not merely emanate from institutions. When folklore evolves over time and is transformed to fit into the contemporary society, then it loses its traditional and ancient aspects that are fundamental in defining folklore. A typical example is in Frank’s (1985) literature that shows Cape Bretoners as people, who have been rapidly expanding their livelihood activities to suit the changing times. The history of Cape Breton as an industrial society dates back to the 1820s. During this time, mining may have been the traditional economic activity for the people around the coal mines. However, the high demand for labour when civilization permeated resulted in drawing people from their typical livelihoods as farmers and fishers (folklife). Under such circumstances, the folklife of the people was swept away by the domineering coal companies leading to a change of belief systems and way of life. In addition, the operations of these companies were legislated and structured in a manner that gutted the natural expressions and folklife of the people. The expressions exhibited by the coal miners â€Å"voting for labor candidates, joining co-operatives and building unions† are not folklore. These activities were not voluntary expressions. The people were compelled by harsh treatment from the coal companies to come up with strategies that would safeguard their human rights (Frank, 1985, p.203). Folklores are meant to pass on specific messages/practices that are relevant to the society in which they are developed over time without themselves getting altered. For example in rural Cape Breton, songs and stories were highly appreciated and valued in the region. In this region, there was a high rate of immigration and ethnic ties were salient. American anthropologists argue that ethnic ties (folk society) bound people of the same community together. It was difficult for an outsider to penetrate into the folk societies. Folklore domains are a form of cultural identity. Therefore, people with the same background orientation share simil ar stories, delimit their folk society and they have a similar understanding of issues.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Introduction to Folklore: Folklore Genres and Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The church was an important social institution for the Cape Bretoners. Despite the fact that the church does not qualify to be folklore, the sentiments, attitudes and belief systems of the people towards the church are folklore (Frank, 1985, p. 204). Merely 23 individuals could not state the religion they were affiliated to hence, an indication that the people had strong faith and belief in the church. Regardless of people’s strong belief in the church, the formulated and documented activities by the clergymen were not part of the people’s folklore because they were not a true reflection of the followers’ thoughts and ideas. Instead, the church’s activities were aimed at deriving som e form of benefit as the church imposed its doctrines on the people. In his writing, Frank clearly demonstrates this through a folklore genre (joke), â€Å"I had to take my hat off every time I saw him and go to church twice on Sunday to hold my position† (Frank, 1985, p. 208). This quote is folklore but at the same time shows how the church, the foundation of people’s faith did not qualify to be folklore. The quote represents an individual’s attitude towards the church. Most of folklore genres are mainly used for amusement and entertainment like tales, songs, jokes and dances. The ancient characteristic they possess makes them peculiar to the eye, thereby creating a feeling of excitement. In Cape Breton, there was a mixture of music and songs as indicated by Frank (1985). However, music becomes folklore only if it is congruent with the definition of unwritten traditions. Cape Breton community is an illustration of the role played by music in creating harmony de spite its diversity. The songs sung had a common theme shared by the coal miners: â€Å"that they did not have a slave-spirited soul† (Frank, 1985, p. 206). The above discussion on understanding folklore shows that folklore forms a basis for cultural identity. Culture is very important because it gives an individual a sense of belonging. According to â€Å"The Intangible Heritage Messenger† (2003), there is a strong link between intangible cultural heritage and folklore. UNESCO defines intangible cultural heritage as â€Å"the practices, representations, expressions, knowledge, skills- as well as instruments, objects, artefacts and cultural spaces associated therewith- that communities, groups and, in some cases, individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage† (What is Intangible Cultural Heritage, 2003, p.1).Advertising Looking for report on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reasons discussed in this paper form a basis for explaining why UNESCO uses the phrase â€Å"intangible cultural heritage (ICH)†. To begin with, the domains under the intangible cultural heritage are abstract systems that different cultures take pride in irrespective of their history. Some cultures are associated with farming while in others, fishing is the livelihood. Therefore, UNESCO acknowledges the diverse nature of cultures and thus is bent on ensuring that each culture’s intangible heritage is well protected. Folklore on the other hand delimits the genres and especially when transformation is apparent. Manipulated genres are not absolute folklore and more so if they are not part and parcel of people’s lives. UNESCO does not place restrictions on ICH. Hence, every intangible domain that defines culture, irrespective of its nature and subsequent manipulation, is part of the ICH. An example is the ancient farming society compared with the contemporary farmin g society. The current use of workers and machines for commercial production has disrupted the traditional practice of farming, which was fundamental in people’s daily lives because they solely relied on it. While modern farming falls under ICH, it is not folklore. In addition, literature indicates that the domains listed by UNESCO are not an exhaustive list of folklore hence, it would be misleading to use it as a collective term. Folklore is a more complex term and using it would require the convention to delve deeper into the past to get all those genres that define ancient people and their practices with the least possible transformation in comparison with UNESCO’s ICH (What is Intangible Cultural Heritage, 2003). References Frank, D. (1985). Tradition and Culture in the Cape Breton Mining Community in the Early Twentieth Century. In K. Donovan (ed.), Cape Breton at 200 (pp. 203- 221). Sydney: University College of Cape Breton Press. Newell, W. (1890). The Study of Folklore. Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, 9, 134-36. Oring, E. (1986). On the Concepts of Folklore. In E. Oring (ed.), Folk Groups and Folklore Genres (pp. 1-22). Logan: Utah State University Press. The Intangible Heritage Messenger. (2003). Web. What is Intangible Cultural Heritage. (2003). Web.

German Christmas Ornaments

German Christmas Ornaments What are all those things that you see for sale at the Christmas market? In todays article, youll get to know more about German Christmas ornaments and what they mean. Erzgebirge Decorations Although Christmas is a magical spectacle anywhere in Germany, one of its most famous Christmas regions is the Erzgebirge (the ore mountains) located in Saxony close to the Czech border. Most of the decorations in this article were invented in this region, so that the name now stands for the best and most beautiful Christmas decorations available in Germany.    Decorations for Advent In Germany, the season leading up to Christmas starts with erster Advent (1st Advent Sunday). This is the fourth Sunday before Christmas and is welcomed with the wonderful song Wir sagen euch an den lieben Advent. Adventskranz The Adventskranz (advent wreath) consists of an evergreen wreath and four candles. Every Sunday in advent, a new candle is lit and the wreath marks the passage of time and approach of Christmas in this way. Adventskalender German households rarely miss out on their chance to bring in an Adventskalender (advent calendar). Most of us know these products as commercial, chocolate-filled cardboard boxes, but in Germany its also customary for parents or couples to surprise each other with gebastelte (home-crafted) calendars made up of a small surprise for every single day. If you want to get involved with a slice of German christmas, Adventskalender basteln is a wonderful start. Note that a real German advent calendar will not include a compartment for 25 December, because the main event of Christmas in Germany is celebrated on Christmas eve (Heiligabend). This is when the presents are exchanged, relegating 1. Weihnachtstag (Christmas Day) to a lower level of significance. The beginning of advent also marks the right time to start the Christmas countdown. Its time to dig out the following ornaments: Schwibbbà ¶gen The Schwibbbogen is a traditional candle arch to be displayed in a homes window at Christmas time. The design is always round, indicating that it is a Bogen (bow). The word Schwib- originates from the German verb schweben (to float), because the candles are arranged to float on top of the bow.   Weihnachtspyramide (Christmas Pyramid)   This Erzgebirge design is one of my Christmas decoration favourites. The traditional Christmas pyramid uses Physics to create magic. The bottom of the pyramid features candleholders arranged in a circular pattern, and at the top you can find a wind-operated fan. As the candles heat up the air, it rises to the fan and starts to move its little wings. The result is a gentle spinning motion, creating a sense of calm and magic in any room. The Christmas pyramid was allegedly conceived by poorer households who could not afford Christmas trees. Today it is an integral part of German Christmas anywhere. Ruchermann (Smoker) These incense burners are extremely popular everywhere in Germany. Traditionally designed as wooden dolls that resemble a pipe smoker, many Christmas markets now sell a huge range of smokers that represent hobbies and professions. According to ore mountain lore, the creation of the smoker goes back to the 19th century when a crafty tree trunk convinced a poor lumberjack to free the figurine within.      Nussknacker (Nutcrackers)   Traditional German Nussknacker walk the line between Christmas magic and kitsch beautifully. Originally a household staple for colder days when nuts were a staple in the local winter diet. This guide to the nutcracker  goes into more detail about where the design originated.   A Magical Christmas I hope you have enjoyed this small window into the world of a German christmas. For those who really cannot get enough and want to experience all these decorations in action, the German Christmas Museum  offers an immersive Christmas experience all year round. But at this time of year, look no further than your next Christmas market and enjoy seeing everything while enjoying a mulled wine.

Irish bar and restaurant accessibility Assignment

Irish bar and restaurant accessibility - Assignment Example The doors of the entrance are designed in a way that it is light to open and slow to close. This may prevent injuries like crashing your fingers accidentally when closing the door or using a lot of effort to pull the door open. There is sufficient space on the entrance that a large group of people can walk comfortably together without rubbing shoulders. Also on the sides there are beautiful and well trimmed flowers which provide a nice visual site for the visitors. The flowers also provide a nice fragrance which escorts one along the entrance. One thing that I did not like about the entrance is the alternative steps which didn’t have the handrail. The handrail is used to provide support or prevent one from falling on the other side accidentally. Although the stairs are wide, they should have the hand rails which will support the people who are tired. Inside the restaurant there is sufficient space for wheelchair or walking aid for the users to move comfortably between the tabl es and chairs so that they may access all areas of the restaurant. Staffs offer prior arrangement for those requiring additional space at a well-situated location. All goods and services provided at the bar and restaurant follows the principles of dignity, independence, integration and equal opportunity. Customers are served equally to their satisfaction. There are a lot of assistive devices and people within the hotel. The restaurant has employed enough waiters and bar maids who provide quality services to customers.